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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2019 Jan 31;48:150–157. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.01.001

Figure 2. Pluripotent stem cells differentiated into cardiomyocytes.

Figure 2.

(A) Cardiomyocyte production timeline. (B) Embryonic stem cells harvested from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst are induced into the mesodermal and cardiac lineages with the treatment of various growth factors. Fibroblasts harvested from the dermis of a human patient are reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells with the addition of 4 defined factors: OCT4, KLF4, SOX2, and C-MYC. These cells are then induced into the mesodermal and cardiac lineages. Production of atrial-specific cardiomyocytes requires treatment with Retionic Acid at defined stages of differentiation while cultures without Retionic Acid differentiate into ventricular cardiomyocytes.