Figure 8.

Spontaneous activity of neurons induced from patient-derived or isogenic iPSCs. A, Overview of the protocol for neuronal differentiation for functional analysis. B, Quantitative analysis of dendrite length and synaptic markers puncta in neurons cultured in BrainPhys for differentiation on day 28 (n = 3–4 independent experiments; mean ± SD; **p < 0.01, Dunnett’s test among control, BP, and SCZ neurons; BP: BP1-2, SCZ: SCZ1-2). C, Overview of MEA plate and representative images of neurons induced from iPSCs on the 48-well MEA plates. Bright-field image and immunocytochemical images of neuron markers. Scale bar, 200 μm. D, Representative image of raster plot and definition of active electrodes. E, Spike frequency of control or patient-derived glutamatergic neurons on day 28 and day 42 (n = 4–6 independent experiments; mean ± SD; Dunnett’s test among Control, BP, and SCZ neurons, no significant differences were observed; paired t test between day 28 and day 42, *p < 0.05). F, Spike frequency of isogenic iPSC-derived glutamatergic neurons (n = 3–4 independent experiments; mean ± SD; Dunnett’s test among Control, BP, and SCZ neurons, no significant differences were observed; paired t test between day 28 and day 42, *p < 0.05). G, Relative change in the total number of spikes after drug treatment in glutamatergic neurons on day 42 (n = 3 independent experiments; mean ± SD; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, Dunnett’s test). H, Representative image of calcium spikes and display of parameters (ΔFmax and calcium spike numbers). I, ΔFmax and calcium spike frequency in control or patient-derived GABAergic neurons (n = 3–6 independent experiments; mean ± SD; Dunnett’s test among each line, no significant differences were observed). J, ΔFmax and calcium spike frequency in control or patient-derived GABAergic neurons (n = 4–6 independent experiments; mean ± SD; Student’s t test, no significant differences were observed).