Fig. 1.

Illustration of how dispersal and evolution of environmental (env.) optimum, in isolation (A and B, respectively) and in combination (C), affect how species respond to environmental change. Only one half of the landscape ring is shown (see SI Appendix, Fig. S1 for full landscape). Species are arranged on the x axis by their prechange latitude. Circles and diamonds are paired for each species and indicate the latitude and size of each population prior to and after environmental change, respectively. Species with circles but not diamonds failed to persist. The color shows the mean environmental optimum in each population. A shows a scenario where dispersal is intermediate (0.01) and the adaptive potential is 0; here, species respond to environmental change by shifting to higher latitudes to maintain the match between their phenotype and their local environmental conditions. B shows a scenario where dispersal is 0 and adaptive potential is intermediate (1.08 × 10⁻⁴); here species respond to environmental change through adaptation (change in color), with no change in latitude. C shows a scenario where dispersal (0.01) and adaptive potential (1.08 × 10⁻⁴) are both intermediate; here species respond through a combination of shifting latitude and through adaptation. Results shown are from 1 representative simulation run with standard parameter values (SI Appendix, Table S1). To explore additional combinations of dispersal and adaptive potential in a Shiny app, visit https://shiney.zoology.ubc.ca/pthompson/Meta_eco_evo_shiny/.