Directed connectivity results for (A) the L SMG/AG and LpMTG, showing significant model fit to the verb topic RDM during the verb epoch, and (B) the LIFG and LMTG, exhibiting significant model fit to the verb-weighted noun topic RDM during the noun epoch. Significance was determined by 5,000 nonparametric permutations with time point-wise P < 0.001 and cluster-wise P < 0.01. dt, time interval between the current time point and the previous time-point used to calculate directed connectivity; PCC, partial correlation coefficient.