Table 3.
Effectiveness outcomes
| Group C (n = 51) | Group T (n = 52) | Estimated effects (95% CI) a | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Opioid consumption during surgery | ||||
| Sufentanil, μg | 20 (15, 38) | 23 (20, 30) | Median D = 0 (−5, 5) | 0.685 |
| Remifentanil, μg | 600 (502, 794) (n = 33) | 607 (428, 818) (n = 39) | Median D = 0 (− 119, 120) | 0.977 |
| Morphine equivalent dose, mg | 35.0 (18.0, 49.6) | 40.3 (20.9, 59.0) | Median D = 4.4 (−3.6, 13.4) | 0.281 |
| Morphine equivalent dose, mg/kg | 0.58 (0.29, 0.77) | 0.59 (0.30, 0.87) | Median D = 0.05 (−0.06, 0.18) | 0.326 |
| Opioid consumption within 24 h after surgery | ||||
| Sufentanil, μg | 33 (23, 65) | 40 (24, 80) | Median D = 4 (−4, 14) | 0.311 |
| Morphine equivalent dose, mg | 10.8 (7.8, 21.7) | 13.2 (8.0, 26.6) | Median D = 1.2 (−1.3, 4.8) | 0.311 |
| Morphine equivalent dose, mg/kg | 0.16 (0.12, 0.31) | 0.19 (0.12, 0.39) | Median D = 0.02 (−0.02, 0.07) | 0.252 |
| Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy | (n = 27) | (n = 28) | ||
| Intraoperative MED, mg | 41.2 (14.0, 49.6) | 38.0 (19.0, 60.4) | Median D = 4.4 (−10.6, 16.6) | 0.480 |
| Postoperative MED within 24 h, mg | 10.1 (7.4, 19.8) | 17.7 (8.4, 26.1) | Median D = 3.1 (−0.3, 10) | 0.070 |
| Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy | (n = 24) | (n = 24) | ||
| Intraoperative MED, mg | 30.0 (19.2, 52.7) | 40.7 (26.9, 53.8) | Median D = 5.5 (−6.8, 18.7) | 0.370 |
| Postoperative MED within 24 h, mg | 14.5 (8.2, 25.0) | 10.6 (8.0, 27.8) | Median D = -0.9 (−6.0, 4.4) | 0.773 |
| Data from the PCA system | ||||
| Number of required bolus | 4 (1, 10) | 6 (1, 15) | Median D = 1 (−1, 4) | 0.335 |
| Number of administered bolus | 3 (1, 10) | 5 (1, 12) | Median D = 1 (−1, 3) | 0.338 |
| Time to first required bolus, hour b | 1.7 (0.4, 3.0) | 6.0 (2.8, 9.2) | HR = 1.46 (0.93, 2.30) | 0.088 |
| Data of rescue analgesia within 24 h after surgery | ||||
| Percentage of rescue analgesics | 12 (23.5%) | 19 (36.5%) | OR = 0.53 (0.23, 1.26) | 0.153 |
| Frequency of rescue analgesics | 2 (1, 3) | 1 (1, 4) | Median D = 0 (−1, 0) | 0.306 |
| Time to first rescue analgesics, hour b | 21.0 (14.4, 27.6) | 25.0 (19.3, 30.7) | HR = 1.08 (0.52, 2.24) | 0.843 |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or number of patient (%), unless otherwise indicated
D difference, MED morphine equivalent dose, PCA patient controlled analgesia
aCalculated as Group T vs. or minus Group C
bData were analysed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared by log-rank test; the results are presented as the median (95% confidence interval)