Table 3.
Outcomes of infective endocarditis
| IE type | Micro-organism | Reason for surgery | Before-DBV treatment (weeks) | Reasons for DBV prescription | Adverse effects | Cure of infection | DBV dose (mg) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | LPVE | MSSA | Yes (1) | 1st. Vancomycin (< 1), and cloxacillin (2); 2nd. surgery; 3rd. cloxacillin (2) plus fosfomycin (2) | Outpatient management | No | Yes |
1000 (1 day) 500 (8 days) |
| 2 | EPVE | S. epidermidis | Yes (1) | 1st. Daptomycin (< 1) plus rifampicin (< 1); 2nd. vancomycin (2) plus rifampin (2); 3rd. surgery; 4th. vancomycin plus rifampicin (2) | Outpatient management | No | Yes |
1000 (1 day) 500 (8 days) |
| 3 | EPVE | MRSA | 1st. Vancomycin (< 1); 2nd. daptomycin (3) plus fosfomycin (3) | Outpatient management | Yes (fever) | Yes |
1000 (1 day) 500 (8 days) 500 (15 days) |
|
| 4 | PLE | S. epidermidis | Yes (2) | 1st. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (< 1); 2nd. linezolid (3); 3rd. surgery; 4th. daptomycin (4) | Outpatient management | No | Yes | 1500 (1 day) |
| 5 | NVE | S. agalactiae | Yes (3) | 1st. Vancomycin (< 1); 2nd. penicillin G (3) plus gentamycin (3); 3rd. surgery; 4th. ceftriaxone (1) | Outpatient management | No | Yes | 1500 (1) |
| 6 | LPVE | S. epidermidis. | 1st. Moxifloxacin (< 1); 2nd. daptomycin (1), cloxacillin (1) plus gentamycin (1), plus rifampicin (1); 3rd. daptomycin (6) | Outpatient management | No |
Yes Death not-related with IE (6 months later) |
1000 (1 day) 500 (8 days) |
|
| 7 | NVE | MSSA | 1st. Daptomycin (1) plus gentamycin (1); 2nd. cloxacillin (3) plus gentamycin (1) | Outpatient management | No | Loss to follow up | 1000(1 day) | |
| 8 | NVE | Unknown | 1st. Ceftriaxone (< 1); 2nd daptomycin (< 1); 3rd. imipenem/cilastatin (1) | Outpatient management | No | Yes |
1500 (1 day) 1000 (15 days) |
|
| 9 | LPVE | S. epidermidis. | 1st. Cloxacillin (< 1) plus daptomycin (< 1); 2nd. daptomycin (3) plus gentamycin (2) plus fosfomycin (2) | Previous treatment failure | No | Yes | 1500 (1 day) | |
| 10 | PLE | S. epidermidis. | Yes (4) | 1st. Daptomycin (1), gentamycin (1), rifampicin (1), 2nd. surgery | Outpatient management | Yes (renal failure) | Treatment failure | 1500 (1 day) |
| 11 | NVE | S. agalactiae | 1st. Ertapenem (< 1); 2nd. ampicillin (1) plus gentamycin (1); 3rd. ceftriaxone (1) | Outpatient management | No | Yes |
1500 (1 day) 500 (8 days) |
|
| 12 | NVE | E. faecalis | 1st. Meropenem (< 1); 2nd. ampicillin (3) plus ceftriaxone (3); 3rd. linezolid (1); 4th. daptomycin (2) | Outpatient management | No | Yes | 1000 (1 day) | |
| 13 | NVE | S. lugdunensis | Yes (1) | 1st. Cloxacillin (3); 2nd. surgery; 3rd daptomycin (1) | Outpatient management | No | Yes | 1500 (1 day) |
| 14 | EPVE | CNS | Yes (1) | 1st. Aztreonam (< 1); 2nd. daptomycin (2) plus rifampicin (2) plus fosfomycin (2); 3rd. surgery; 4th. daptomycin (2) plus rifampicin (4) plus fosfomycin (4) | Outpatient management | No | Yes | 1500 (1 day) |
| 15 | LPVE | MSSA | 1st. Piperacillin/tazobactam (1); 2nd. cloxacillin (1) plus daptomycin (1) plus rifampicin (1); 3rd. cloxacillin (2) plus rifampicin (2) plus fosfomycin (< 1) | Outpatient management | No | Yes | 1000 (1 day) | |
| 16 | NVE | S. viridans | 1st. Amoxicillin-clavulanate (1); 2nd. ceftriaxone (3) | Outpatient management | No | Yes | 1500 (1 day) | |
| 17 | PLE | S. epidermidis | Yes (4) | 1st. Cloxacillin (< 1) plus gentamycin (< 1) plus rifampicin (1); 2nd. surgery; 3rd. daptomycin (2) | Outpatient management | No | Yes | 1500 (1 day) |
| 18 | PLE | S. epidermidis | Yes (4) | 1st. Rifampicin (1), gentamycin (1), daptomycin (1); 2nd. surgery | Outpatient management | No | Yes | 1500 (1 day) |
| 19 | PLE | S. schleiferi | Yes (4) | 1st. Ceftriaxone (< 1); 2nd. surgery; 3rd. cloxacillin (2) | Outpatient management | No | Yes |
1000 (1 day) 500 (8 days) |
| 20 | PLE | S. epidermidis | Yes (4) | 1st. Meropenem (< 1); 2nd. surgery; 3rd. daptomycin (2) | Outpatient management | No | Yes | 1000 (1 day) |
| 21 | NVE | MSSA | Yes (1) | 1st. Ceftriaxone (< 1), 2nd. daptomycin (< 1) plus gentamycin (1); 3rd. cloxacillin (1); 4th. Surgery; 5th. cloxacillin (2) plus rifampicin (1) | Outpatient management | No | Yes | 1500 (1 day) |
| 22 | EPVE | MRSA | Yes (1) | 1st. Daptomycin (2), gentamycin (2), rifampicin (2); 2nd. surgery; 3rd daptomycin (1) | Previous treatment failure | No | Yes |
1500 (1 day) 1000 (15 days) |
| 23 | NVE | E. faecalis | 1st. Ampicillin plus ceftriaxone (4) | Outpatient management | No | Yes |
1000 (1) 500 (8 days) |
|
| 24 | NVE | MSSA | 1st. Ceftriaxone (< 1) plus levofloxacin (< 1); 2nd. cloxacillin (1); 3rd. cefazolin (1) | Outpatient management | No |
Yes Death not-related with IE (3 months later) |
1000 (1 day) | |
| 25 | PLE | CNS | Yes (5) | 1st. Daptomycin (1), gentamycin (1), rifampicin (1); 2nd. surgery; 3rd. daptomycin (1) | Outpatient management | No | Yes |
1000 (1 day) 5002 (8 days) |
| 26 | PLE | CNS | Yes (6) | 1st. Levofloxacin (2); 2nd. daptomycin (2); 3rd. surgery; 4th. daptomycin (2) | Outpatient management | No | Yes |
1000 (1 day) 500 (8 days) |
| 27 | LPVE | MSSA | 1st. Vancomycin (< 1) plus gentamycin (< 1) plus rifampin (< 1), 2nd. daptomycin (1) plus rifampicin (1); 3rd. cloxacillin (2) plus rifampicin (2) | Outpatient management | No | Yes |
1000 (1 day) 500 (8 days) |
|
| 28 | LPVE | MRSA | 1st. Vancomycin (2), 2nd. linezolid (1); 3rd. ceftaroline (4) | Previous treatment failure | No | Yes |
1000 (1 day) 500 mg/every week/9 weeks |
|
| 29 | LPVE | S. bovis | 1st. Vancomycin (< 1) plus rifampicin (< 1) plus gentamycin (< 1), 2nd. ceftriaxone (4) plus gentamycin (4) | Outpatient management | No |
Yes Death not-related with IE (4 months later) |
1500 (1 day) 1000/every 2 weeks/10 weeks |
|
| 30 | LPVE | S. lugdunensis | 1st ceftriaxone (< 1); 2nd cloxacillin (2) | Outpatient management | No | Yes |
1000 (1 day) 500 (8 days) |
|
| 31 | NVE | MR S. epidermidis | 1st. Daptomycin (4) | Outpatient management | No | Yes |
1000 (1 day) 500 (8 days) |
|
| 32 | EPVE | MSSA | 1st. Levofloxacin (< 1), 2nd. daptomycin (< 1), 3rd. cloxacillin (4) plus rifampicin (3) plus gentamycin (2) | Outpatient management | No | Yes | 1500 (1 day) | |
| 33 | LPVE | E. faecalis | Yes (1) | 1st. Vancomycin (2), gentamycin (< 1); 2nd. surgery; 3rd. vancomycin (1) | Outpatient management | No | Yes |
1500 (1 day) 1000 (15 days) 1000 (30 days) 1000 (45 days) |
| 34 | LPVE | S. epidermidis | Yes (1) | 1st. Daptomycin (2) plus rifampicin (2); 2nd. surgery; 3rd. daptomycin (2) | Outpatient management | No | Yes | 1500 (1 day) |
MSSA: methicillin-sensitive S. aureus; MRSA: methicillin-resistant S. aureus; CNS: coagulase negative staphylococcus; LPVE late prosthetic valve endocarditis; NVE native valve endocarditis; EPVE early prosthetic valve endocarditis; PLE pacemaker lead endocarditis
(1) Aortic or mitral valve replacement. (2) Electrode removal. (3) Mitral valve repair with ring. (4) Electrode and pacemaker lead removal. (5) Pacemaker removal and pus drainage from pocket. (6) Pacemaker lead removal without removing electrode from the implantable automatic defibrillator