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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2019 Sep 18;50(9):1019–1024. doi: 10.1111/apt.15500

Table 1.

Stepwise forward regression models predicting diarrhoea and constipation

Diarrhoea Constipation
Model 1 (unadjusted)1
n=4,714 n=4,685
POR 95% CI p-value POR 95% CI p-value
Underweight 0.64 0.20 2.03 0.426 0.75 0.27 2.10 0.56
Overweight 1.19 0.91 1.57 0.190 0.88 0.63 1.22 0.41
Obese 1.94 1.29 2.93 0.003 0.76 0.49 1.18 0.21
Severe obesity 2.70 1.99 3.66 <0.001 0.65 0.37 1.15 0.13
Model 2 (adjusted for demographics/lifestyle)2
n=4,313 n=4,288
POR 95% CI p-value POR 95% CI p-value
Underweight 0.62 0.20 1.96 0.390 0.77 0.26 2.34 0.629
Overweight 1.03 0.77 1.37 0.845 1.06 0.77 1.46 0.690
Obese 1.73 1.06 2.83 0.030 0.84 0.50 1.42 0.494
Severe obesity 2.12 1.55 2.90 <0.001 0.61 0.34 1.09 0.088
Model 3 (adjusted for demographics/lifestyle and laxative use)3
n=4,310 n= 4,286
POR 95% CI p-value POR 95% CI p-value
Underweight 0.62 0.20 1.95 0.388 0.78 0.25 2.43 0.644
Overweight 1.02 0.76 1.37 0.880 1.02 0.74 1.40 0.918
Obese 1.73 1.06 2.83 0.031 0.81 0.48 1.36 0.393
Severe obesity 2.12 1.54 2.91 <0.001 0.58 0.32 1.05 0.070
Model 4 (adjusted for demographics/lifestyle, laxative use, and diet)4
n=4,260 n= 4,235
POR 95% CI p-value POR 95% CI p-value
Underweight 0.60 0.19 1.89 0.364 0.78 0.24 2.48 0.652
Overweight 0.98 0.71 1.35 0.884 1.00 0.74 1.35 0.997
Obese 1.70 1.05 2.74 0.033 0.75 0.47 1.19 0.209
Severe obesity 2.06 1.51 2.81 <0.001 0.56 0.33 0.98 0.041
Model 5 (adjusted for demographics/lifestyle, laxative use, diet, and comorbid diabetes)5
n=4,182 n=4,160
POR 95% CI p-value POR 95% CI p-value
Underweight 0.61 0.20 1.88 0.364 0.80 0.25 2.54 0.688
Overweight 0.99 0.72 1.37 0.976 1.00 0.74 1.34 0.970
Obese 1.61 1.00 2.61 0.050 0.75 0.50 1.13 0.158
Severe obesity 1.93 1.35 2.76 0.001 0.55 0.32 0.95 0.035
1

Model 1: unadjusted RRs for each BMI category compared to normal weight

2

Model 2: adjusting for demographics/lifestyle variables - Gender (female), age (decade), race (white), living above the poverty income threshold; higher education (at least some college); self-report of vigorous physical activity in a typical week; and presence of depression based on scores on the PHQ-9

3

Model 3: adjusting for demographics/lifestyle variables and laxative use (in the last 30 days).

4

Model 4: adjusting for demographics/lifestyle, laxative use, and the following diet variables - self-reported milk intake divided into four categories (high consumption, “once a day or more”), self reported alcohol intake (heavy), and highest quartile of caffeine, fiber, liquid, carbohydrates, sugar, protein, and fat.

5

Model 5: adjusting for adjusting for demographics/lifestyle, laxative use, dietary factors, and presence of comorbid diabetes