Fig. 3. Microptosis in bacteria.

GzmB, delivered into bacteria by GNLY, cleaves multiple substrates in essential metabolic and synthetic pathways to kill diverse bacterial strains and prevent bacterial resistance. Red Pacmen indicate GzmB cleaving substrates and red Xes indicate disrupted pathways. Generation of superoxide radicals and disruption of antioxidant defenses and disruption of protein synthesis and quality control are microptosis pathways that have been experimentally verified