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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Immunol. 2019 Aug 28;60:156–162. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2019.07.010

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Summary of the processes leading to gene-air pollution interaction effects in asthma. Inhaled particulate and gaseous components and allergens activate inflammatory and oxidative stress-related pathways in the airways. Genetic variation may result in allele-specific air pollution-related epigenetic modifications of genes involved in the development of asthma.