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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 19.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Fluid Mech. 2018 Jan;50:535–561. doi: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-122316-045241

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Schematic illustrating a typical wall-modeled grid resolution, chosen to resolve the energetic eddies in the outer portion of the boundary layer, whose size scales with δ. Contours visualized represent the instantaneous streamwise velocity in a turbulent channel flow (Reτ = 4,200). The contours range from U + = 6 (blue) to 18 (white). Data taken from the direct numerical simulation of Lozano-Durán & Jiménez (2014); reproduced with permission, courtesy of A. Lozano-Durán.