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Cell count versus chord Reynolds number for spanwise-periodic airfoil simulations with an aspect ratio of 4; symbols denote the (scaled) cost of actual wall-modeled large-eddy simulation (WMLES) calculations of varying airfoils (NACA 0012, NACA 4412, Aerospatiale-A, NASA Common Research Model (CRM), and the MD 30P/30N), and lines denote Chapman’s cost estimates using nxnynz = 103 (green) and 203 (blue).
