Table 5.
Effect of Liability Immunity on Diagnostic-Procedure Utilization and Non-Diagnostic-Procedure Utilization, Separately Across Different Admission Types
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiac / Circulatory Admission | Respiratory Admission | Orthopedic Admission | Gastrointestinal Admission | Neurological Admission | Mental Health Admission | Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Admission | Other Non-Childbirth Admission | Pooled Sample: All Non-Childbirth Admissions | |
| Panel A: Outcome Variable = Incidence of Appropriate Diagnostic Test for Indicated Admission Type | |||||||||
| Active | 0.015 (0.008) |
0.031 (0.013) |
0.030 (0.007) |
−0.008 (0.008) |
0.033 (0.009) |
0.004 (0.002) |
0.061 (0.014) |
0.027 (0.004) |
0.038 (0.003) |
| MTF * Active | −0.022 (0.013) |
−0.059 (0.022) |
−0.056 (0.015) |
−0.018 (0.011) |
−0.053 (0.020) |
−0.026 (0.015) |
−0.066 (0.018) |
−0.059 (0.007) |
−0.067 (0.005) |
| Interaction Coefficient as a Fraction of Mean of Dependent Variable | −0.03 | −0.15 | −0.16 | −0.04 | −0.09 | −0.55 | −0.67 | −0.31 | −0.22 |
| Panel B: Outcome Variable = Incidence of Any Non-Diagnostic Procedure | |||||||||
| Active | 0.004 (0.010) |
0.003 (0.012) |
0.019 (0.006) |
−0.001 (0.006) |
0.008 (0.008) |
−0.005 (0.003) |
−0.145 (0.020) |
−0.008 (0.004) |
−0.005 (0.003) |
| MTF * Active | 0.010 (0.017) |
−0.027 (0.025) |
0.026 (0.015) |
0.015 (0.008) |
0.007 (0.016) |
0.033 (0.025) |
0.009 (0.030) |
0.005 (0.010) |
0.003 (0.008) |
| Interaction Coefficient as a Fraction of Mean of Dependent Variable | 0.02 | −0.07 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.30 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.01 |
Notes: robust standard errors corrected for within-catchment-area correlation in the error term are reported in parentheses (based on original catchment area designations). All regressions include year, primary diagnosis code, hospital and zip-code fixed effects and controls for patient age (dummies), sex, Charlson comorbidity and paygrade (dummies). MTF and Active-Duty-Patient X MTF are instrumented by a series of dummy variables capturing different distance bins between a patient’s residence and the closest MTF along with the interaction between such dummies and the active-duty-patient dummy. The coefficient of the MTF indicator is dropped due to the inclusion of hospital fixed effects.