Table 2.
Association of Maternal Postpartum Depression With PMTCT Uptake and Outcomes1
| N | Overall (n = 498) |
N (%) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PHQ-9 < 8 (n = 467) |
PHQ-9 ≥ 8 (n = 31) |
Odds Ratio (95% CI)4 | p-value | |||
| Maternal or infant ARV use | ||||||
| Maternal ARV use (ART or PMTCT) | ||||||
| During pregnancy | 450 | 426 (95%) | 400 (94%) | 26 (100%) | - | |
| During labor | 494 | 445 (90%) | 419 (90%) | 26 (87%) | 0.69 (0.24–2.05) | 0.509 |
| During breastfeeding | 498 | 433 (87%) | 408 (87%) | 25 (81%) | 0.60 (0.21–1.74) | 0.345 |
| All time points | 491 | 399 (81%) | 375 (82%) | 24 (77%) | 0.78 (0.30–2.03) | 0.603 |
| Infant did not receive ARV prophylaxis | 498 | 15 (3%) | 11 (2%) | 4 (13%) | 6.14 (1.76–21.38) | 0.005 |
| Infant outcomes | ||||||
| HIV infection | ||||||
| 6-weeks2 | 244 | 10 (4%) | 9 (4%) | 1 (8%) | 2.06 (0.23–18.53) | 0.516 |
| 9-months3 | 233 | 11 (5%) | 8 (4%) | 3 (18%) | 5.57 (1.48–21.02) | 0.012 |
| 6-weeks or 9-months | 477 | 21 (4%) | 17 (4%) | 4 (13%) | 3.89 (1.24–12.25) | 0.021 |
Note. PHQ = Patient Health Questionnaire; ARV = antiretroviral; ART = antiretroviral therapy; PMTCT = prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
1
Postpartum depression defined as a PHQ-9 score ≥ 8.
2
Among infants attending 6-week immunization visit.
3
Among infants attending 9-month immunization visit.
4
All models adjusted for clinic-level clustering.