Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of Current and Former Smokers With and Without Obstructive Lung Disease
| Without OLD | With OLD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Less Dyspnea N= 196 |
More Dyspnea N= 104 |
Less Dyspnea N= 162 |
More Dyspnea N= 134 |
P value | |
| A | B | C | D | ||
| Age, years | 77.1 (2.7) | 77.2 (2.7) | 77.4 (2.7) | 77.6 (3.1) | .46 |
| Gender | .01 | ||||
| Female | 72 (37%) | 52 (50%)C | 49 (30%)B | 48 (36%) | |
| Male | 124 (63%) | 52 (50%) | 113 (70%) | 86 (64%) | |
| Race | .08 | ||||
| Black | 69 (35%) | 44 (42%) | 45 (28%) | 51 (38%) | |
| White | 127 (65%) | 60 (58%) | 117 (71%) | 83 (62%) | |
| Education | .002 | ||||
| ≤ High-school | 90 (46%)BD | 70 (67%)A | 85 (52%) | 82 (61%)A | |
| Post-secondary | 106 (54%) | 34 (33%) | 77 (48%) | 52 (39%) | |
| Current Smoking | 35 (17%) | 22 (21%) | 44 (27%) | 38 (28%) | .09 |
| Pack-years smoking | 35 (25–53)CD | 39 (26–54) | 46 (29 –60)A | 46 (31–61)A | .02 |
| *Lung Function | |||||
| FEV1, mL | 2341.0 (585.7)BCD | 2095.4 (593.2)AD | 1962.2 (598.7)AD | 1488.2 (517.9)ABC | <.0001 |
| FEV1, % | 103.4 (14.7)CD | 99.3 (14.0)CD | 81.4 (17.6)ABD | 66.3 (22.5)ABC | <.0001 |
| FVC, mL | 3067.8 (773.8)BD | 2716.9 (770.4)AC | 3125.0 (846.9)BD | 2546.4 (770.4)AC | <.0001 |
| FVC, % | 99.0 (14.0)D | 95.0 (14.0)D | 94.7 (17.1)D | 81.8 (21.0)ABC | <.0001 |
| FEV1/FVC | 0.77 (0.05)C,D | 0.77 (0.06)C,D | 0.63 (0.07)A,B,D | 0.58 (0.09)A,B,C | <.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.4 (4.5)BC | 29.6 (4.4)ACD | 25.1 (3.8)AB | 26.4 (5.0)B | <.0001 |
| **Comorbidity Count | |||||
| 0 | 67 (34%) | 26 (25%) | 64 (40%) | 35 (26%) | .03 |
| 1 | 75 (38%) | 35 (34%) | 64 (40%) | 45 (34%) | .63 |
| ≥ 2 | 54 (28%) | 43 (41%)C | 34 (20%)BD | 54 (40%)C | .0002 |
| Physician Diagnosed Pulmonary Disease | |||||
| Asthma | 3 (2%)D | 9 (8%)D | 9 (6%)D | 23 (17%)ABC | <.0001 |
| COPD | 2 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (2%) | 7 (5%) | .02 |
| Emphysema | 5 (3%)D | 2 (2%)D | 9 (6%)D | 28 (21%)ABC | <.0001 |
| Chronic bronchitis | 10 (5%)D | 14 (13%) | 20 (12%)D | 35 (26%)AC | <.0001 |
| UGS, m/s | 1.15 (0.20)D | 1.09 (0.21) | 1.15 (0.20)D | 1.04 (0.20)AC | <.0001 |
| DSST (range 0-133) | 36.0 (14.5)D | 33.6 (12.8) | 33.2 (14.3) | 31.7 (13.1)A | .04 |
Note: Values are mean (SD), median (IQR), or N (%). Each superscript letter denotes categories whose column properties that differ significantly from each other at the p < .05 for each pairwise comparison (vs. the indicated group) with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparison across the 4 groups (6 comparisons).
OLD=Obstructive lung disease; BMI= Body mass index; UGS= Usual gait speed; DSST=Digit symbol substitution test
FEV1% and FVC % predicted values are derived from reference equations 37
Comorbidity count is defined from cardiovascular disease, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, pulmonary disease, arthritis, diabetes mellitus, peptic ulcer disease, and cancer