Table 2.
Characteristics of the study subjects analyzed by gender.
| Men | All | Lowest TyG-index tertile (TyG < 8.00) | Middle TyG-index tertile (8.00 ≤ TyG < 8.48) | Highest TyG-index tertile (8.48 ≤ TyG) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 6,823 | 2,379 | 2,300 | 2,144 |
| Age, years | 40.0 (14.0) | 39.0 (11.0) | 41.0 (13.0)∗ | 43.0 (14.0)∗∗∗ |
| Body weight (kg) | 64.1 (10.9) | 62.4 (10.5) | 63.8 (0.8)∗ | 66.1 (10.8)∗∗∗ |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.1 (3.2) | 21.3 (3.1) | 22.0 (3.1)∗ | 22.9 (2.9)∗∗∗ |
| Consumption of alcohol, (g/week) | 36.0 (104.0) | 18.0 (87.3) | 36.0 (89.0)∗ | 54.0 (109.0)∗∗∗ |
| Smoking† | ||||
| Current-smoker | 2,668 (39.1%) | 877 (32.9%) | 890 (33.4%) | 901 (33.8%) |
| Past-smoker | 1,798 (26.4%) | 562 (31.3%) | 639 (35.3%) | 597 (33.2%) |
| Never-smoker | 2,357 (39.1%) | 940 (39.9%) | 771 (32.7%) | 646 (27.4%) |
| Regular exerciser† | 1,318 (19.3%) | 515 (22.9%) | 441 (19.1%) | 362 (16.0%) |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 5.3 (0.6) | 5.2 (0.5) | 5.3 (0.6)∗ | 5.4 (0.6)∗∗∗ |
| Hemoglobin A1c (NGSP) (%) | 5.1 (0.5) | 5.1 (0.5) | 5.1 (0.5)∗ | 5.2 (0.6)∗∗∗ |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.9 (0.7) | 0.5 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.2)∗ | 1.5 (0.6)∗∗∗ |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.1 (1.2) | 4.7 (1.0) | 5.1 (1.0)∗ | 5.4 (1.1)∗∗∗ |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.5 (40.5) | 1.3 (0.4)∗∗∗ | 1.1 (0.4)∗∗∗ |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L) | 18.0 (7.0) | 17.0 (7.0) | 17.0 (7.0) | 18.0 (6.0)∗∗∗ |
| Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) | 18.0 (10.0) | 16.0 (8.0) | 18.0 (10.0)∗ | 20.0 (10.5)∗∗∗ |
| Gamma-glutamyltransferase (IU/L) | 17.0 (12.0) | 15.0 (8.0) | 17.0 (10.0)∗ | 21.0 (18.0)∗∗∗ |
| Diabetes mellitus† | 118.0 (1.7%) | 6.0 (0.3%) | 26.0 (1.1%) | 86.0 (3.8%) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 115.5 (17.5) | 113.0 (16.5) | 115.0 (18.0)∗ | 118.0 (18.0)∗∗∗ |
| DBP (mmHg) | 72.5 (12.5) | 70.5 (12.0) | 72.5 (12.0)∗ | 74.5 (12.5)∗∗∗ |
| TyG-index | 8.2 (0.7) | 7.7 (0.4) | 8.2 (0.3)∗ | 8.8 (0.4)∗∗∗ |
|
| ||||
| Women | All | Lowest TyG-index tertile (TyG < 7.53) | Middle TyG-index tertile (7.53 ≤ TyG < 7.97) | Highest TyG-index tertile (7.97 ≤ TyG) |
|
| ||||
| n | 7,263 | 2,468 | 2,342 | 2,453 |
| Age, years | 40.0 (11.0) | 38.0 (8.0) | 40.0 (11.0)∗ | 44.0 (3.0)∗∗∗ |
| Body weight (kg) | 51.2 (8.7) | 49.9 (7.9) | 51.0 (8.4)∗ | 52.7 (9.3)∗∗∗ |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.4 (3.2) | 19.7 (2.7) | 20.3 (3.0)∗ | 21.2 (3.4)∗∗∗ |
| Consumption of alcohol (g/week) | 0.0 (12.0) | 1.0 (4.2) | 0.0 (12.0) | 0.0 (12.0) |
| Smoking | ||||
| Current-smoker | 466 (6.4%) | 139 (29.8%) | 151 (32.4%) | 176 (37.8%) |
| Past-smoker | 463 (6.4%) | 169 (36.5%) | 142 (30.6%) | 152 (32.8%) |
| Never-smoker | 6,334 (87.2%) | 2,160 (34.1%) | 2,049 (32.5%) | 2,125 (33.6%) |
| Regular exerciser† | 1,129 (15.5%) | 327 (13.7%) | 406 (16.7%) | 396 (16.2%) |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 4.9 (0.5) | 4.8 (0.5) | 4.9 (0.5)∗ | 5.1 (0.6)∗∗∗ |
| Hemoglobin A1c (NGSP) (%) | 5.1 (0.5) | 5.1 (0.5) | 5.1 (0.5)∗ | 5.2 (0.5)∗∗∗ |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.6 (0.4) | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.6 (0.2)∗ | 0.9 (0.4)∗∗∗ |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.0 (1.2) | 4.6 (0.9) | 5.0 (1.2)∗ | 5.4 (1.2)∗∗∗ |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.7 (0.5) | 1.6 (0.7)∗ | 1.5 (0.5)∗∗∗ |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L) | 16.0 (6.0) | 16.0 (6.0) | 15.0 (6.0)∗ | 16.0 (6.0)∗∗ |
| Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) | 13.0 (6.0) | 13.0 (6.0) | 13.0 (6.0) | 14.0 (6.0)∗∗∗ |
| Gamma-glutamyltransferase (IU/L) | 11.0 (5.0) | 11.0 (4.0) | 11.0 (5.0)∗ | 11.0 (6.0)∗∗∗ |
| Diabetes mellitus† | 30 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (0.1%) | 28 (1.2%) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 107.0 (17.5) | 104.0 (15.5) | 106.0 (16.5)∗ | 111.5 (20.0)∗∗∗ |
| DBP (mmHg) | 66.5 (12.0) | 64.5 (11.0) | 65.5 (11.4)∗ | 69.5 (13.0)∗∗∗ |
| TyG-index | 7.8 (0.7) | 7.3 (0.4) | 7.8 (0.3)∗ | 8.3 (0.4)∗∗∗ |
The TyG-index was calculated by the following formula: TyG = Ln [TG (mg/dl) × FPG (mg/dl)/2]. Diabetes mellitus: HbA1c ≥ 6.5% or fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dl or getting treatment for diabetes. Continuous variables are presented as median (interquartile range). The differences among tertiles were evaluated by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test or the Kruskal–Wallis test and Steel–Dwass test. ∗p < 0.05 versus the lowest TyG-index tertile; ∗∗p < 0.05 versus the middle TyG-index tertile. Categorical variables are expressed as number (%), and the differences among tertiles were evaluated by Pearson's Χ2 test. †p < 0.05.