Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients.
| C (IA ≤ 5) | L (IA 5-15.53) | H (IA > 15.53) | F value/chi-square | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 62.87 ± 10.58 | 63.64 ± 11.94 | 62.16 ± 10.27 | 0.228 | 0.797 |
| Gender (M/F) | 25/22 | 22/28 | 23/27 | 0.900d | 0.638 |
| Duration (month) | 132 (120, 240) | 174 (120, 240) | 120 (72, 195) | 5.134c | 0.077 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.90 ± 3.15 | 24.63 ± 3.66 | 24.63 ± 2.76 | 0.118 | 0.888 |
| IA (%) | 2.97 (1.76, 4.15) | 8.80 (6.48, 11.76) | 31.72 (21.80, 43.72) | ||
| Ln(IA) (%) | 0.94 ± 0.58 | 2.16 ± 0.32a | 3.42 ± 0.40ab | 376.120 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.54 ± 1.62 | 8.43 ± 1.43 | 8.55 ± 1.48 | 0.095 | 0.910 |
| Sqrt (C-p 0′) (ng/ml) | 1.18 ± 0.46 | 1.11 ± 0.36 | 1.17 ± 0.42 | 0.532 | 0.588 |
| Sqrt (C-p 120′) (ng/ml) | 1.74 ± 0.56 | 1.73 ± 0.57 | 1.67 ± 0.65 | 0.181 | 0.835 |
| C-p 0′ (-/+) | 23/24 | 17/33 | 18/32 | 2.641 | 0.267 |
| C-p 120′ (-/+) | 8/39 | 7/43 | 6/44 | 0.504 | 0.777 |
| Insulin dose 1 (U/kg) | 0.30 (0.24, 0.37) | 0.30 (0.23, 0.40) | 0.28 (0.20, 0.36) | 2.619 | 0.270 |
| Insulin dose 2 (U/kg) | 0.20 (0.13, 0.28) | 0.22 (0.18, 0.33) | 0.19 (0.16, 0.26) | 3.864 | 0.145 |
| Daily insulin dose (U/kg) | 0.51 (0.40, 0.60) | 0.53 (0.42, 0.73) | 0.49 (0.35, 0.59) | 2.850 | 0.241 |
| Insulin/insulin analogue | 14/33 | 12/38 | 13/37 | 0.427d | 0.808 |
| Oral drugs | |||||
| Met (-/+) | 41/6 | 45/5 | 40/10 | 2.172d | 0.338 |
| Aca (-/+) | 38/9 | 40/10 | 42/8 | 0.295d | 0.863 |
| Met+Aca (-/+) | 43/4 | 48/2 | 44/6 | 2.218d | 0.337 |
BMI: body mass index; IA: insulin antibody; Ln: base e logarithm; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; Sqrt: square root; C-p: C-peptide; C-p 0′ (-): C-p 0′ ≤ 1.10 ng/ml; C-p 0′ (+): C-p 0′ > 1.10 ng/ml; C-p 120′ (-): C-p 120′ ≤ 1.10 ng/ml; C-p 120′ (+): C-p 120′ > 1.10 ng/ml; insulin dose 1: insulin dose before breakfast; insulin dose 2: insulin dose before dinner; Met: metformin; Aca: acarbose. aCompared with the C group (p < 0.05); bcompared with the L group (p < 0.05); cnonparametric test; dChi-square test. Data were presented as mean ± SD or median (25th, 75th percentile).