Table 2.
Baseline demographic, clinical, neuropsychological, and biomarker characteristics of Stable CN, Reversion, and Stable MCI groups.
| Stable CN (N=508) | Reversion (N=90) | Stable MCI (N=381) | F, H, χ2 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 73.61 (6.80) | 74.85 (6.67) | 73.73 (7.22) | F=1.22 | .295 |
| Education | 16.37 (2.68) | 15.88 (2.66) | 15.95 (2.91) | F=3.01 | .050 |
| Female, % | 47.9% | 40.0% | 38.8% | χ2=9.65 | .008 |
| GDS* | 1.10 (1.32) | 1.47 (1.55) | 1.64 (1.40) | H=42.51 | <.001 |
| CDR* = 0 / 0.5, % | 59.4% / 40.6% | 42.2% / 57.8% | 8.4% / 91.3% | χ2=242.35 | <.001 |
| FAQ* | 0.45 (0.99) | 1.58 (2.51) | 3.66 (4.42) | H=214.52 | <.001 |
| Hachinski* | 0.53 (0.64) | 0.83 (0.90) | 0.67 (0.75) | H=12.38 | .002 |
| T2DM status*, % | 6.1% | 16.1% | 9.0% | χ2=10.49 | .005 |
| Aβ (pg/ml) | 1330.63 (597.63) | 1152.50 (628.86) | 954.24 (566.27) | F=31.43 | <.001 |
| t-tau* (pg/ml) | 236.44 (93.75) | 229.51 (86.96) | 307.97 (132.27) | F=36.47 | <.001 |
| p-tau* (pg/ml) | 21.58 (9.57) | 21.63 (9.62) | 30.33 (15.08) | F=44.00 | <.001 |
| APOE ε4+*, % | 30.1% | 36.7% | 54.1% | χ2=52.49 | <.001 |
| MMSE | 28.83 (1.31) | 28.72 (1.49) | 27.32 (1.77) | H=179.54 | <.001 |
| Logical Memory | 11.37 (4.10) | 9.34 (3.35) | 5.27 (3.73) | F=268.42 | <.001 |
| AVLT Delayed Recall | 8.21 (3.63) | 4.45 (3.38) | 2.35 (2.89) | F=340.19 | <.001 |
| AVLT Recognition | 27.61 (2.16) | 24.06 (3.58) | 22.43 (3.93) | F=311.78 | <.001 |
| BNT | 28.33 (1.74) | 26.86 (2.73) | 25.52 (3.17) | H=155.17 | <.001 |
| Animal Fluency | 21.05 (5.09) | 17.17 (4.50) | 15.99 (4.95) | F=117.13 | <.001 |
| TMT Part A, total seconds* | 32.31 (9.37) | 41.98 (14.82) | 45.27 (20.50) | H=144.26 | <.001 |
| TMT Part B, total seconds* | 78.61 (31.46) | 104.79 (52.56) | 129.76 (68.84) | H=181.84 | <.001 |
*
Denotes variable in which lower scores are better. CN=cognitively normal; MCI= mild cognitive impairment; GDS=Geriatric Depression Scale; CDR=Clinical Dementia Rating; FAQ=Functional Activities Questionnaire; T2DM=type 2 diabetes mellitus; Aβ=β-amyloid; t-tau=total tau; p-tau=hyperphosphorylated tau; APOE ε4+ = apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele positivity; MMSE=Mini Mental State Exam; AVLT=Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; BNT=Boston Naming Test (30-item); TMT=Trail Making Test; Sample size for cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers: Stable CN n=363, Reversion n=70, stable MCI n=267.