Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Antiviral Res. 2019 Aug 14;171:104590. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104590

Figure 2. Pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of grp94 reduced virus replication and protected cells from death.

Figure 2.

Infection with DENV2 were performed at MOI of 0.1 and the cells were treated with 100 nM of the test compounds for 48 hrs. (A) grp94 knockdown, CDDO-me, and PU-SW13 reduce virus particle production in Huh-7 cells. (B and C) grp94 knockdown and treatment with CDDO-me or PU-WS13 reduced the expression levels of DENV2 envelope and NS3 proteins in Huh-7 cells. (D and E) ZIKV infected Vero cells were treated with different dilutions of CDDO-me or neutralizing antibody. Cell confluence was monitored over 110 hours. * denotes the cytopathic effects caused by infection with 250 pfu ZIKV (MOI of approximately 0.02). CDDO-me at 0.13 µM protected ZIKV-infected Vero cells with the effects comparable to that with 5% ZIKV-neutralizing antibody. Densitometric analysis of the band intensities were quantified and expressed as mean +/− SEM, n=3. One-Way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post test. *** p<0.001.