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. 2019 May 26;12(6):1226–1236. doi: 10.1111/1751-7915.13420

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Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Microbial Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Society for Applied Microbiology.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Simplified methanol metabolic networks and the performance of three fermentation processes. Pathway A is formaldehyde dissimilation pathway, and pathway B is formaldehyde assimilation pathway. The green arrow indicates conventional strategy, red arrow indicates replacement strategy, and blue arrow indicates supplemented strategy. The upward arrow indicates upregulated, and the downward arrow indicates downregulated. One arrow indicates small changes, and two arrows indicate strong changes. Abbreviations (enzymes): AOX, alcohol oxidase; CTA, catalase; FLD, NAD ⁺‐dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase; FDH, NAD ⁺‐dependent formate dehydrogenase; IDH, NAD ⁺‐dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase; MDH, NAD ⁺‐dependent malate dehydrogenase; α‐KGDHs, NAD ⁺‐dependent α‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenases.