Table 3.
Comparison of NISCH and CDH1 methylation across cases and controls and correlation with clinicopathological parameters
| NISCH | CDH1 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Methylated | Unmethylated | p value | Methylated | Unmethylated | p value | |
| Subject groups | ||||||
| Cases (40) | 30 | 10 | < 0.0001 | 34 | 6 | < 0.0001 |
| Smoker controls (30) | 24 | 6 | 0 | 30 | ||
| Nonsmoker controls (30) | 0 | 30 | 0 | 30 | ||
| Clinical staging | ||||||
| II (6) | 4 | 2 | 0.801 | 6 | 0 | 0.685 |
| III (2) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | ||
| IV (32) | 24 | 8 | 26 | 6 | ||
| Histopathology | ||||||
| Squamous cell carcinoma (11) | 5 | 6 | 0.025 | 8 | 3 | 0.517 |
| Adenocarcinoma (27) | 23 | 4 | 24 | 3 | ||
| Small cell carcinoma (2) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||
| General characteristics | ||||||
| Ageb | 59.8 ± 10.75 | 55.4 ± 12.34 | 0.070 | 58.4 ± 10.98 | 60.0 ± 13.22 | 0.538 |
| Sex (M:F) | 24:6 | 8:2 | 1.000 | 26:8 | 6:0 | 0.318 |
| Smoking status (all subjects) | ||||||
| Smoker (53) | 41 | 12 | < 0.010 | 19 | 34 | 1.000 |
| Nonsmoker (47) | 13 | 34 | 15 | 32 | ||
| Smoking status (cancer cases) | ||||||
| Smoker (23) | 17 | 6 | 1.000 | 19 | 4 | 1.000 |
| Nonsmoker (17) | 13 | 4 | 15 | 2 | ||
| Smoking history | ||||||
| Pack yearsa | 30 (7.5–250) | 20 (7.5–120) | 0.043 | |||
| Packs per dayb | 1.74 ± 1.12 | 1.08 ± 0.63 | 0.011 | |||
| Duration of smokingb | 28.9 ± 9.84 | 26.25 ± 10.03 | 0.383 | |||
aAs median (range)
bAs mean ± standard deviation