. 2019 Sep 21;16(19):3533. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16193533

Table 1.

Summary of the review studies (n = 5).

Reviewed Articles	Stimuli Length	Number of Stimuli	Metrics	Sound Source Category				Physiological Metrics	Perceptual Attributes
Reviewed Articles	Stimuli Length	Number of Stimuli	Metrics	Human	Natural	Mechanical	Music	Physiological Metrics	Valence	Arousal	Other
Gomez and Danuser, 2004	30 s	32	52.2–77.5 dB (A) **	e.g., people playing tennis	-	e.g., siren	Ranging from low to high, e.g., Black arrows by Manowar	HR, SCL, RR	Valence	Arousal	-
Alvarsson et al., 2010 ^†	4 min	N/A	40–80 dB (A)	-	from fountain and tweeting birds	road traffic (high, low and ambient)	-	HF HRV, SCL	Pleasantness	Eventfulness	Familiarity
Irwin et al., 2011	8 s	150	71 dB (A) ^,*	e.g., giggling	e.g., wind	e.g., construction	-	HR, fMRI, PET	Pleasantness	Vibrancy	-
Hume and Ahtamad, 2013 ***	8 s	18	60–74 dB (A) **	e.g., vomiting	e.g., horse hooves on road	e.g., traffic noise	-	HR, RR, EMG	Pleasantness	Arousal	-
Medvedev et al., 2015	4 min	4	64 dB (A) ^,*	-	e.g., ocean	e.g., road noise	-	HR, SCL	Pleasantness	Arousal, eventfulness	Dominance, familiarity
Medvedev et al., 2015	2 min	6	64 dB (A) ^,*	-	e.g., ocean	e.g., road noise	-	HR, SCL	Pleasantness	Arousal, eventfulness	Dominance, familiarity

* Normalized Auditory Stimuli. ** L_eq Sound Pressure Level (SPL). *** Used sound-clips with mix sources. ^† Binaural Recording. HR, Heart Rate; HF HRV, High Frequency Heart Rate Variability; fMRI, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; PET, Positron Emission Tomography; SCL, Skin Conductance Level; RR, Respiration Rate; EMG, Electromyography.