Table 1.
Prevalence of food-borne pathogenic bacteria in chicken litter and chicken litter-based organic fertilizer.
| Bacteria | Location and Year of Study | Sample Type | Sample Size | Prevalence | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E. coli | Nigeria | Layer litter | - | Positive | [23] |
| Georgia | - | 28 samples | 7% | [24] | |
| Australia | Broiler litter (feces + rice hulls) | - | Positive | [25] | |
| Salmonella | Canada 1980–1981 | Broiler litter Broiler feces |
36 samples from 15 houses 2 samples from each of the 15 houses | 0%–100% 19%–89% |
[26] [27] |
| Australia | Re-used broiler litter |
- | 83% | [26] | |
| Non-reused (Fresh) broiler | - | 68% | [26] | ||
| Broiler litter (feces + rice hulls) | - | Positive | [25] | ||
| US | Layer feces of 18 weeks old birds | - | 55% | [8] | |
| US | Layer feces of 28 weeks old birds | - | 41% | [8] | |
| US | Layer feces of 66–74 weeks old Birds |
- | 5.5% | [8] | |
| Campylobacter | US 2001 | Broiler fecal | 450 samples from 9 flocks |
80%–100% | [28,29] |
| Staphylococcus | Nigeria | Litter | - | + | [27] |
| Clostridium | Canada | Layer litter | - | + | [26] |
| Nigeria | Layer litter | 44 samples | 18% | [23] | |
| Listeria | Australia | Broiler litter | 60 samples from 28 farms |
- | [24] |
| Actinobacillus | Canada | Broiler litter | 44 | 2% | [23] |
| US 1995 | Broiler Fecal | 948 | 80%–100% | [23] | |
| Australia | Broiler litter | 60 shades (3 sets of 20 combined) |
36% | [23] | |
| Australia | Broiler Litter | 60 samples from 28 farms |
100% | [30] | |
| Mycobacterium | Nigeria | Layer litter | - | + | [28] |