Table 2.

Different types of photosensitisers and their application in different cancers.

Category	Photosensitiser	Wavelength Used	Type of Cancer	References
Tetrapyrrole structures	Porphyrins	630 nm	Hepatocellular cancer, leukaemia and nasopharyngeal carcinoma	[21,39,40,41]
	Chlorins	650–700 nm	Colon, prostate, bronchial and oesophageal cancers	[42,43,44]
	Phthalocyanines	640–690 nm	Cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions for many solid tumours including breast, cervical, melanoma, oesophageal and colon	[45,46,47,48]
	Bacteriochlorins	700–800 nm	Colon	[49]
Synthetic dyes	Rose Bengal	530–540 nm	Breast and oral	[21,50]
	Phenothiazinium salts	630–670 nm	Fibrosarcoma	[21,51]
	Transition metal compounds		Breast and gastrointestinal carcinomas	[52]
	BODIPY dye	530–540 nm	9 cancer cell lines in vitro and an ovarian cancer cell line in vivo using a murine peritoneal cancer model	[21,53]
Natural products	Hypericin	470–570 nm	Breast cancer, ovarian cancer and colon cancer	[54,55,56]
	Riboflavin	310–700 nm	Liver cancer, colorectal and cervical	[57,58]
	Curcumin	350–450 nm	Nasopharyngeal carcinoma and breast	[59,60]
	Hypocrellins	532 nm	Cervical and gastric	[61]