Table 3.
General characteristics of the study population.
| Variables | Levels | Total | With Depression | Without Depression | p-Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | N | % | |||
| Total | 654 | 100 | 353 | 100 | 301 | 100 | ||
| Age | 19–29 | 184 | 28.1 | 94 | 26.6 | 90 | 29.9 | 0.401 |
| 30–39 | 470 | 71.9 | 259 | 73.4 | 211 | 70.1 | ||
| Sex | male | 362 | 55.4 | 198 | 56.1 | 164 | 54.5 | 0.739 |
| female | 292 | 44.6 | 155 | 43.9 | 137 | 45.5 | ||
| Education | ≤elementary school | 7 | 1.1 | 4 | 1.1 | 3 | 1.0 | 0.645 |
| middle school | 4 | 0.6 | 2 | 0.6 | 2 | 0.7 | ||
| high school | 77 | 11.8 | 44 | 12.5 | 33 | 11.0 | ||
| ≥university degree | 566 | 86.5 | 303 | 85.8 | 263 | 87.4 | ||
| Income | high | 225 | 34.4 | 108 | 30.6 | 117 | 38.9 | 0.078 |
| middle | 228 | 34.9 | 128 | 36.3 | 100 | 33.2 | ||
| low | 201 | 30.7 | 117 | 33.1 | 84 | 27.9 | ||
| Marital status | with spouse | 324 | 49.5 | 176 | 49.9 | 148 | 49.2 | 0.923 |
| without | 330 | 50.5 | 177 | 50.1 | 153 | 50.8 | ||
| Employment | employed | 568 | 86.9 | 306 | 86.7 | 262 | 87.0 | 0.985 |
| unemployed | 86 | 13.1 | 47 | 13.3 | 39 | 13.0 | ||
| Family size | one | 31 | 4.7 | 15 | 4.2 | 16 | 5.3 | 0.579 |
| two | 101 | 15.4 | 51 | 14.4 | 50 | 16.6 | ||
| three or more | 522 | 79.8 | 287 | 81.3 | 235 | 78.1 | ||
| Depression | yes | 353 | 54.0 | |||||
| no | 301 | 46.0 | ||||||
| Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | Mean | S.D. | p-Value | ||
| PAS-M 1 | 89.57 | 13.7 | 85.71 | 13.5 | 94.1 | 12.6 | < 0.001 | |
Note: CESD-10 was used to measure owners’ depression symptoms (scores higher than 10 were categorized as having depression symptoms). The p-value was estimated using the Pearson chi-square test for categorical variables and t-test for the continuous variables (PAS-M). 1 PAS-M, modified Pet Attitude Scale.