Table 3.
Multilevel linear regression analysis of factors related to burnout.
| Variables | Model 1 Coefficient (95% CI) | Model 2 Coefficient (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EE | DP | PA | EE | DP | PA | |
| Individual level | ||||||
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Female | −1.52 (−2.85, −0.20) * | −1.17 (−1.86, −0.48) ** | 0.87 (−0.51, 2.26) | −1.53 (−2.86, −0.20) * | −1.20 (−1.90, −0.51) ** | 0.99 (−0.40, 2.37) |
| Age group (years) | ||||||
| <30 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| 30−39 | 0.27 (−1.93, 2.48) | 0.12 (−1.03, 1.27) | −0.96 (−3.27, 1.35) | 0.15 (−2.05, 2.36) | 0.03 (−1.13, 1.18) | −0.71 (−3.01, 1.59) |
| ≥40 | −0.10 (−2.75, 2.56) | −0.25 (−1.64, 1.14) | −0.78 (−3.55, 2.00) | −0.31 (−2.96, 2.35) | −0.31 (−1.71, 1.08) | −0.68 (−3.45, 2.10) |
| Education | ||||||
| High-school graduate or blow | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Some college | 2.28 (0.49, 4.06) * | 0.02 (−0.91, 0.95) | 1.19 (−0.68, 3.06) | 2.59 (0.80, 4.38) ** | 0.03 (−0.90, 0.97) | 1.15 (−0.71, 3.02) |
| Bachelor’s degree or above | 2.77 (0.87, 4.67) ** | −0.26 (−1.25, 0.72) | 1.25 (−0.74, 3.24) | 3.12 (1.21, 5.03) ** | −0.21 (−1.21, 0.79) | 1.08 (−0.91, 3.08) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single/divorced/widowed | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Married | −0.51 (−2.84, 1.82) | 0.28 (−0.94, 1.49) | −0.50 (−2.94, 1.94) | −0.43 (−2.77, 1.90) | 0.35 (−0.87, 1.58) | -0.97 (−3.40, 1.47) |
| Employment type | ||||||
| Temporary employee | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Long-term employee | 0.84 (−1.11, 2.79) | 0.66 (−0.34, 1.65) | −1.98 (−4.03, 0.07) | 1.26 (−0.77, 3.30) | 0.60 (−0.46, 1.66) | −1.78 (−3.89, 0.33) |
| Years of experience (years) | ||||||
| <5 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| 5−10 | 0.31 (−1.71, 2.33) | 0.53 (−0.53, 1.58) | −2.10 (−4.21, 0.01) | 0.41 (−1.61, 2.42) | 0.59 (−0.47, 1.64) | −2.06 (−4.16, 0.04) |
| 11−20 | 0.55 (−1.72, 2.81) | 0.27 (−0.92, 1.45) | −1.07 (−3.44, 1.30) | 0.66 (−1.60, 2.91) | 0.32 (−0.86, 1.51) | −0.98 (−3.33, 1.38) |
| ≥21 | 0.10 (−2.40, 2.60) | −0.45 (−1.76, 0.86) | 0.98 (−1.64, 3.60) | 0.27 (−2.22, 2.76) | −0.40 (−1.71, 0.90) | 1.07 (−1.53, 3.66) |
| Work role | ||||||
| Prevention | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Clinical | 2.14 (0.56, 3.73) ** | 0.68 (−0.15, 1.50) | 1.96 (0.31, 3.62) * | 1.92 (0.34, 3.50) * | 0.57 (−0.26, 1.40) | 2.34 (0.69, 3.98) ** |
| Clinical and prevention | 1.31 (−0.40, 3.02) | 0.81 (−0.08, 1.70) | 0.71 (−1.08, 2.51) | 1.22 (−0.48, 2.92) | 0.70 (−0.19, 1.59) | 0.93 (−0.84, 2.70) |
| Monthly salary | ||||||
| <4000 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| ≥4000 | 0.31 (−1.56, 2.18) | 0.48 (−0.46, 1.42) | −1.20 (−3.17, 0.77) | 0.52 (−1.49, 2.54) | 0.38 (−0.68, 1.43) | −0.72 (−2.82, 1.37) |
| Perceived workload | 5.30 (4.41, 6.18) *** | 0.12 (−0.34, 0.58) | 0.45 (−0.47, 1.37) | 5.28 (4.39, 6.16) *** | 0.10 (−0.36, 0.57) | 0.51 (−0.42, 1.43) |
| Perceived work support | −1.72 (−2.43, −1.02) *** | −0.45 (−0.82, −0.08) * | 2.23 (1.49, 2.97) *** | −1.73 (−2.44, −1.03) *** | −0.46 (−0.83, −0.09) * | 2.27 (1.53, 3.01) *** |
| Perceived work autonomy | −0.68 (−1.33, −0.03) * | −0.42 (−0.76, −0.08) * | 1.23 (0.55, 1.90) *** | −0.68 (−1.33, −0.03) * | −0.42 (−0.76, −0.07) * | 1.21 (0.53, 1.89) *** |
| Institution level | ||||||
| Workload | 6.59 (3.46, 9.72) *** | 0.20 (−1.31, 1.70) | 1.47 (−1.43, 4.38) | |||
| Work support | −2.70 (−5.59, 0.20) | −0.15 (−1.54, 1.23) | 3.49 (0.81, 6.17) * | |||
| Work autonomy | −0.47 (−3.74, 2.81) | −1.46 (−3.02, 0.10) | 2.46 (−0.56, 5.48) | |||
| Country | ||||||
| Country A | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Country B | −0.78 (−3.12, 1.57) | −0.63 (−1.75, 0.49) | 3.95 (1.78, 6.11) *** | |||
| Country C | 1.58 (−0.81, 3.98) | −0.54 (−1.70, 0.63) | 3.38 (1.10, 5.66) ** | |||
* p value < 0.05, ** p value < 0.01, *** p value < 0.001.