Table 2.

Known functions of Arabidopsis replicative and specialized polymerases. HR—homologous recombination; DSB—double-strand break; TLS—translesion synthesis; UV—ultraviolet; NHEJ—non-homologous end-joining.

Polymerase	Cellular Function	References
B-family (Pol α, δ, ε, and ζ in human)
Pol alpha (α)	Deficiency induces HR	[41]
	DSB repair in meiosis	[42]
	Maintenance of histone marks	[38,41,43]
	Maintenance of telomeres	[44]
	Response to abscisic acid (ABA)	[45]
Pol delta (δ)	Deficiency induces HR	[40,46]
	DSB repair in meiosis	[47]
	Maintenance of histone marks	[40,48]
	Response to DNA-damaging agents	[48]
Pol epsilon (ε)	Checkpoint signaling	[49,50]
	DSB repair in meiosis and meiotic checkpoint	[50,51]
	Deficiency induces HR	[39]
	Maintenance of histone marks	[39,52,53]
	Response to abscisic acid (ABA)	[39]
Pol zeta (ζ) REV3 (AT1G67500) REV7 (AT1G16590)	TLS (UV-induced lesions) Repair or intra and inter-strand crosslink	[54,55,56,57,58,59] [57]
X-family (Pol λ, β, μ, and TdT in human)
Pol lambda (λ)	TLS (8-oxo-G)	[32]
(AT1G10520)	DSB repair	[60,61]
Pol eta (η) POLH (AT5G44740)	TLS (UV-induced lesions)	[54]
Y-family (Pol κ, ι, η, and REV1 in human)
Pol kappa (κ) (AT1G49980)		[62]
Pol Rev1 (AT5G44750)	TLS (UV-induced damage)	[54,55]
A-family (Pol θ, γ, and ν in human)
Pol theta (θ)	TLS (required for normal progression of DNA replication)	[63,64]
POLQ (AT4G32700)	DSB repair through alternative NHEJ	[65]
Archaeo-eukaryotic primase family PrimPol
PRIMPOL (AT5G52800)	Not functionally characterized yet, putative role in organelle DNA replication	[66]
Plant organelle polymerases (POPs)
Pol1-like A (Pol γ1, AT3G20540)	Organellar replication and repair, potentially more specifically involved in DNA replication	[67,68,69]
Pol1-like B (Pol γ2, AT1G50840)	Organellar replication and repair, potentially more specifically involved in DNA repair	[67,68,69]