Table 6.
Rates (per 1000 children) of specific fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) diagnosis and total FASD by rural and urban residence: Western Cape Province communities: 1997–2011.
| Community A | Community/Region B | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample 1 | Sample 2 | Sample 3 | Sample 4 | Sample 5 | Sample 1 | Sample 2 | |||||||||||||||
| Rural | Urban | p ^ | Rural | Urban | p ^ | Rural | Urban | p ^ | Rural | Urban | p ^ | Rural | Urban | P ^ | Rural | Urban | p ^ | Rural | Urban | p ^ | |
| FAS | 25.2 | 15.1 | <0.001 | 23.9 | 17.4 | <.0001 | 28.6 | 25.7 | 0.142 | 28.8 | 30.5 | 0.737 | 19.6 | 39.2 | <0.001 | 53.1 | 39.7 | <0.001 | 40.1 | 49.0 | <0.001 |
| PFAS * | 1.0 | 3.0 | 0.002 | 13.0 | 18.4 | 0.001 | 4.9 | 12.8 | <0.001 | 14.8 | 30.5 | <0.001 | 19.6 | 58.0 | <0.001 | 27.3 | 31.1 | <0.001 | 25.6 | 43.5 | <0.001 |
| ARND ** | 0.0 | 0.0 | -- | 3.3 | 7.6 | <0.001 | 0.0 | 0.0 | -- | 14.8 | 16.6 | 0.236 | 11.1 | 22.2 | <0.001 | 16.6 | 15.0 | <0.001 | 13.8 | 24.2 | <0.001 |
| Total FASD | 26.2 | 18.1 | <.001 | 40.1 | 43.4 | 0.151 | 41.5 | 38.5 | 0.168 | 58.4 | 77.6 | <.001 | 50.3 | 119.5 | <0.001 | 97.0 | 85.7 | <0.001 | 79.4 | 116.7 | <0.001 |
* PFAS cases in Samples 1 and 2 were made retrospectively in 2003 as the diagnostic criteria were clarified. The focus at the time of examination for Samples 1 and 2 was exclusively on FAS. ** No ARND cases were diagnosed in Samples 1 and 3 because of the singular focus on FAS. The ARND cases diagnosed in Sample 2 were diagnosed retrospectively, and not at the study, as the diagnostics interview for ARND was clarified by 2008. ^z-test of proportions.