Histology and immunohistochemistry staining of prostate on day 3 post-capsaicin injection with or without LESW treatment. (A): sham control, (B): capsaicin (CAP) injected into prostate glandular showed edematous change with accumulation of inflammatory cells (red arrow) in the interstitial space, which effects were decreased in the 200 and 300 shocks LESW treatment groups ((F), average cell count per unit area). COX-2 and TNF-α positive inflammatory cells (red arrow) accumulated in CAP injected group (H,N). Compare with capsaicin prostatitis (CAP) group, 200 and 300 shocks of LESW significantly decreased COX-2 positive cells (L). Only 300 shocks of LESW significantly decreased TNF-α positive cells compared with CAP group (R). (A–E): hematoxyline and eosin stain; (G–K): COX-2 stain; (M–Q): TNF-α stain; magnification ×100; inlet, magnification ×400; scale bars indicate 100 μm. * Statistically significant difference between groups (p < 0.05) (F,L,R).