Figure 6.

A model illustrating LESW treatment inhibiting the inflammatory molecular in capsaicin induced prostatitis in rats. LESW application disrupted the assembly of multimolecular complex of NALP-1 inflammasome, which leads to decrease caspase 1 activation and the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β. The downregulated IL-1β and TNF-α bind to their cognate receptors to activate downstream signaling, including various mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and cytoplasmic nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), by which COX-2 expression would be decreased in the prostate. Physical disruption of NALP-1 inflammasome by LESW has a multi-pronged action on inflammation signaling.