. 2019 Sep 26;16(19):3619. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16193619

Table 2.

Comparison of demographic variables and mental health status between children who had and had not experienced child maltreatment.

Demographics	Occurrence of Abuse (N = 1511)
Demographics	Yes	No	χ²/t
Sex
Male	353	453	9.10 **
Female	255	450	9.10 **
Whether the only child
Yes	213	298	0.67
No	395	605	0.67
Dwelling place
Live at school	90	194	10.85 ***
Live at home	514	700	10.85 ***
Primary caregiver
Parents	462	710	1.46
Others (such as grandparents, brothers and sisters)	146	193	1.46
Whether left-behind
Yes	241	326	1.94
No	367	577	1.94
Father’s education level
Junior high school or below	299	476	1.66
Senior high school or above	305	424	1.66
Mother’s education level
Junior high school or below	302	520	8.67 **
Senior high school or above	299	377	8.67 **
Depression	13.13	10.46	13.85 ***
Anxiety	16.27	13.09	12.11 ***

Note. ** p < 01. *** p < 001. Because of missing data for some of the demographic variables, the total sample size is not equal to 1511 in some cases.