AD	Alzheimer’s disease
Aβ	Amyloid beta peptide
AGEs	Advanced glycation end products
ALDH	Aldehyde dehydrogenase
ANGPTL-4	Angiopoietin Like 4
APP	Amyloid precursor protein
BDNF	Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
CEL	N-(carboxyethyl)-L-lysine
CML	N-(1-carboxymethyl)-L-lysine
CSF	Cerebrospinal fluid
ES	Early stage of Alzheimer’s disease
EVs	Extracellular vesicles
GO	Glyoxal
GAPDH	Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
GSH	Reduced glutathione
GLO	Glyoxalase
GOLD	Glyoxal-lysine dimer
HPLC	High-performance liquid chromatographic
Icv	Intracerebroventricular
LCN2	Lipocalin-2
LS	Late stage of Alzheimer’s disease
LSD	Least significant difference
2-MQ	2-methylquinoxaline
5-MQ	5-methylquinoxaline
MCI	Mild cognitive impairment
MMP-9	Matrix metallopeptidase 9
MG	Methylglyoxal
MMSE	Mini-Mental State Examination
MoCA	Montreal Cognitive Assessment
MOLD	Methylglyoxal-lysine dimer
MS	Moderate stage of Alzheimer’s disease
NFTs	Neurofibrillary tangles
NSE	Neuron specific enolase
nEVs	Neuronal derived-extracellular vesicles
O-PD	O-Phenylenediamine
PRGN	Progranulin
PTX2	Pentraxin 2
RAGE	Receptor for advanced glycation end products
ROC	Receiver-operating characteristic curves
SSAO	Semicarbazidesensitive amine oxidase
TEM	Transmission electron microscopy
TSG101	Tumor susceptibility gene 101