Table 1.
Summary of chemerin concentrations and tissue expression data.
| Cancer Type | Demographics | Serum, Plasma, or Tissue Chemerin in ng/mL | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group, n | Age in Years | Sex | BMI kg/m2 | ||
| OSCC [54] | serum | ||||
| OSCC, 15 | 47.7 ± 14.1 | M6/F9 | 22.8 ± 1.1 | 655 ± 150 † | |
| OPML, 15 | 42.3 ± 11.0 | M5/F10 | 22.4 ± 1.1 | 408 ± 85 * | |
| Controls, 15 | 43.3 ± 11.8 | M7/F8 | 22.7 ± 1.5 | 187 ± 13 | |
| salivary fluid | |||||
| OSCC, 15 | 47.7 ± 14.1 | M6/F9 | 22.8 ± 1.1 | 13.2 ± 3.8 † | |
| OPML, 15 | 42.3 ± 11.0 | M5/F10 | 22.4 ± 1.1 | 9.1 ± 1.9 * | |
| Controls, 15 | 43.3 ± 11.8 | M7/F8 | 22.7 ± 1.5 | 3.1 ± 0.7 | |
| Colorectal [59] | Serum | ||||
| Patients, 41 | 55 (32–75) | M28/F13 | 25.8 (16.2–35.5) | 390 (250–630) | |
| Controls, 27 | 43 (18–64) | M15/F12 | 26.6 (21.5–45.8) | 340 (270–480) | |
| Colorectal [60] | plasma | ||||
| Patients, 221 | 50 ± 9 | 62.1% F | 16.5% > 30 | 148 (50–370) | |
| Gastric [61] | plasma | ||||
| Patients, 196 | 44.4% ≥ 60 | M112/F84 | 23.0 ± 3.1 | 53.1 ± 19.0 * | |
| Controls, 196 | 55.6% < 60 | Matched | 23.4 ± 3.5 | 31.3 ± 11.3 | |
| Colorectal [62] | serum | ||||
| Patients, 32 | 57.6 ± 6.5 | M22/F10 | 25.8 ± 4.2 | 377.0 ± 80 * | |
| Controls, 20 | 58.4 ± 7.2 | M14/F6 | 26.7 ± 5.3 | 87.8 ± 22.0 | |
| Colorectal [63] | serum | ||||
| Survivors, 110 | 56.3 ± 9.3 | M55/F55 | 23.3 ± 3.1 | 105 ± 14 | |
| Gastric [64] | serum | ||||
| Patients, 36 | 47–83 | M19/F17 | 42 * | ||
| Controls, 40 | 31–68 | M27/F13 | non-obese | 28 | |
| HCC [65] | serum | ||||
| Patients, 44 | 71 (50–82) | M29/F15 | 22.5 (15.6–33.5) | 130 (80–312) | |
| Thyroid [66] | serum | ||||
| BMI < 25, 51 | 41.2 ± 11.9 | F51 | 21.8 ± 2.1 | 212 ± 47 | |
| BMI ≥ 25, 126 | 55.4 ± 12.7 | M26/F100 | 30.7 ± 4.1 | 229 ± 50 * | |
| Breast [67] | serum | ||||
| Metastatic, 37 | 52.3 ± 11.8 | F37 | 29.1 ± 5.5 | 250 ± 59 | |
| Non-Met, 80 | 51.7 ± 12.5 | F80 | 28.6 ± 4.9 | 261 ± 73 | |
| All, 117 | 51.9 ± 12.2 | F117 | 28.7 ± 5.1 | 257 ± 69 | |
| CNS [46] | GBM, 12 | N/A | N/A | N/A | CSF |
| chem157S‡—0.2 ± 0.3 | |||||
| chem158K‡—5.1 ± 3.9 | |||||
| chem163S‡—3.0 ± 2.4 | |||||
| ODC, 12 | N/A | N/A | N/A | chem157S—0.7 ± 1.3 | |
| chem158K—3.8 ± 3.8 | |||||
| chem163S—2.9 ± 2.5 | |||||
| NC CNS, 7 | N/A | N/A | N/A | chem157S—1.0 ± 0.8 | |
| chem158K—6.3 ± 4.8 | |||||
| chem163S—5.5 ± 3.8 | |||||
| Controls, 9 | N/A | N/A | N/A | plasma | |
| chem157S—0.7 ± 0.8 | |||||
| chem158K—8.1 ± 2.9 | |||||
| chem163S—40 ± 7.9 | |||||
| NSCLC [68] | serum | ||||
| Patients, 110 | 65.1 | M91/F19 | 26.4 | 245 * | |
| Controls, 110 | 65.0 | M91/F19 | 27.7 | 203 | |
| NSCLC [69] | serum | ||||
| Patients, 189 | 61.8 ± 11.2 | M124/F65 | NA | 1.78 ± 0.57 * | |
| Controls, 120 | 62.6 ± 8.9 | M69/F51 | 1.20 ± 0.23 | ||
| Lung [70] | plasma | ||||
| Patients, 42 | 56 (44–78) | M26/F16 | N/A | 1.97 ± 0.37 * | |
| Controls, 31 | 48 (32–64) | M18/F13 | 1.11 ± 0.25 | ||
| Pancreatic ductal [71] | serum | ||||
| Patients, 25 | 63.0 ± 9.8 | 24.5 (21.7–27.8) | 272 (221–314) * | ||
| Controls, 36 | 37.6 ± 6.4 | M36 | 26.1 (24.2–29.5) | 193 (173–214) | |
| Prostate [72] | serum | ||||
| All patients, 74 | 67.1 ± 8.5 | M74 | 27.9 ± 3.3 | 273 ± 29 | |
| BPH, 66 | 61.5 ± 10.3 | M66 | 27.3 ± 4.0 | 268 ± 83 | |
| WD, 24 | 64.6 ± 8.5 | M24 | 27.2 ± 3.6 | 237 ± 72 + | |
| MD, 28 | 66.7 ± 8.8 | M28 | 28.0 ± 2.8 | 274 ± 60 + | |
| PD, 22 | 70.2 ± 7.5 | M22 | 28.3 ± 3.4 | 313 ± 93 + | |
| Prostate [73] | serum | ||||
| Non-obese, 25 | 68 (64–73) | M25 | 23.0 (21.5–24.3) | 74.0 (59.4–88.1) | |
| Obese, 37 | 64 (60–67) | M37 | 26.7 (25.7–27.6) | 75.0 (65.6–82.3) | |
Parentheses indicate the range of reported values. OSCC, oral squamous cell carcinoma; OPML, oral premalignant lesion; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; GBM, malignant glioblastoma; ODC, oligodendrocytoma; NC CNS, non-cancer CNS disease; BPH, benign prostatic hyperplasia; WD, well differentiated prostate cancer (Gleason score ≤ 6); MD, moderately differentiated (Gleason 7); PD, poorly differentiated (Gleason ≥ 8). ‡ Number refers to the number of amino acids in the processed chemerin protein, † Significant compared to the other two groups; * significant compared to control group; + significant compared to other Gleason scores.