Efficacy of PEA-OXA on TNF-α and IL-1β expression (induced by transient MCAo). Twenty-four hours after transient MCAo, an increased expression of TNF-α (B,I) and IL-1β (F,L) was found in sections obtained from vehicle-treated rats compared to the sham-operated animals (A,I; E,L). PEA-OXA administration reduced both TNF-α (D,I) and IL-1β (H,L) expression more effectively than PEA did (C,D; G,L). For the immunohistochemistry, a 20× magnification is shown (50-µm scale bar). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant: ° p < 0.05 versus vehicle; *** p < 0.001 versus sham; °°° p < 0.001 versus vehicle; ## p < 0.01 versus PEA; ### p < 0.001 versus PEA.