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. 2019 Sep 27;16(19):3633. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16193633

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© 2019 by the author.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Fate of aflatoxin B1 in the liver showing the metabolites with potential to be used as biomarkers “in red boldface letters” for exposure determination and the biofluids where they can be detected and quantified. For the details on the formation of aflatoxin-albumin adduct from aflatoxin B2a, see Figure 2 below. Adapted from [146]. Abbreviations: CYP: Cytochrome P450 enzymes; GGT: γ-glutamyltranspeptidase; DPEP: Dipeptidase; NAT: Nacetyltransferase; UGT: UPD-glucuronosyltransferases, mEH: Microsomal epoxide hydrolase; GST: Glutathione-S transferase; AFAR: Aflatoxin aldehyde reductase; ?: No sound evidence to whether or not mEH is necessary for the transformation of aflatoxin-exo 8,9 epoxide into aflatoxin-dihydrodiol.