Table 2.
Metabolite ratios that significantly differ in the posterior cingulate cortex between healthy subjects and RRMS using 2D L-COSY.
| Metabolite | Average chemical shift (F2–F1) ppm | HC | RRMS | % change | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NAA | 2.00–2.01 | 135.0 ± 1.1 | 129.0 ± 1.1 | −5% | <0.0001*, ** |
| NAA-I | 4.36–2.55 | 20.3 ± 0.3 | 18.7 ± 0.3 | −8% | <0.0001*, ** |
| NAA-III | 2.62–2.62 | 32.0 ± 0.4 | 29.9 ± 0.4 | −8% | 0.002* |
| NAA-IV | 2.47–2.67 | 8.1 ± 0.1 | 7.7 ± 0.1 | −6% | 0.002* |
| NAAamide | 7.81–7.81 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.03 | −17% | 0.027* |
| NAAaspartate moiety | 4.30–4.30 | 5.7 ± 0.1 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | −5% | 0.001* |
| NAAGaspartyl moiety | 2.76–2.47 | 1.8 ± 0.05 | 1.6 ± 0.04 | −9% | 0.027 * |
| NAA sum | – | 204.5 ± 1.6 | 193.9 ± 1.6 | −6% | <0.0001*, ** |
| Threonine | 4.27–3.62 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.04 | −11% | 0.062* |
| GABA | 2.27–1.98 | 5.7 ± 0.1 | 5.4 ± 0.1 | −5% | 0.002* |
| Glx-I | 2.40–2.09 | 4.9 ± 0.1 | 4.7 ± 0.1 | −6% | 0.005* |
| Glx sum | – | 18.1 ± 0.2 | 17.4 ± 0.2 | −4% | 0.015* |
| Glx upper | 3.76–2.09 | 9.2 ± 0.1 | 8.8 ± 0.1 | −4% | 0.038 |
| Glx lower | 2.10–3.75 | 8.9 ± 0.1 | 8.5 ± 0.1 | −5% | 0.037* |
| Total Lipids | – | 93.4 ± 3.2 | 113.6 ± 9.3 | 18% | 0.054 |
| Isoleucine/Lipid | 1.39–1.95 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | −16% | 0.028* |
GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid; Glx, glutamine and glutamate cross peaks; Glx sum, contains the above and below the diagonal cross peaks summed; HC, healthy control; L-COSY, localized correlation spectroscopy; NAA, N-acetylaspartate; NAA-I to IV, additional N-acetylaspartate signatures; NAAG, N-acetylaspartylglutamate; NAA sum, sum of NAA cross-peaks; RRMS, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
All data are expressed as mean metabolite ratio relative to the tCr peak volume ± standard error of the mean unless otherwise indicated.
Indicates significance (p-value ⩽ 0.05) using Mann–Whitney U tests.
Indicates significance (p-value ⩽ 0.0007) after Bonferroni Correction.