AEs	Adverse events
BHT	Breath hydrogen test
CID	common infectious disease
EPS	Extracellular polysaccharides
EVs	Extracellular vesicles
FAO-WHO	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations—World Health Organization
FIFs	Fermented infant formulas
F6PK	fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase
GPRs	G-protein coupled receptors
GRAS	Generally recognized as safe
HDAC	Histone deacetylase
HePS	Heteropolysaccharides
HoPS	Homopolysaccharides
HMOs	Human milk oligosaccharides
HRV	Human rhinovirus
IBS	Irritable bowel syndrome
IFN	interferon
LAB	Lactic acid bacteria
lcFOS	Long-chain fructooligosaccharides
MVs	Membrane vesicles
OMVs	Outer membrane vesicles
ORS	oral rehydration solution
PEP	Phosphoenolpyruvate
PRQLQ	pediatric rhino conjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire
SCFAs	Short-chain fatty acids
scGOS	Shot-chain galactooligosaccharides
SIgA	secretory immunoglobulin A
TLR	Toll-like receptors
TNF-α	Tumor Necrosis Factor α
UC	Ulcerative colitis