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. 2019 Sep 23;20(19):4717. doi: 10.3390/ijms20194717

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Sections of articular cartilage with different grades of degenerative changes in osteoarthritis (OA) classified using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scoring system.This analysis was performed with the knees collected on day 29 after OA induction. (A) Example of CLEAN group, untreated and uninduced OA, healthy (Grade 0) normal cartilage. (B) Example of CTL-group treated with 0.9% saline. (C) Example of EHA450 group treated with A. chica hydroalcoholic extract 450 mg/kg. (D) Example of CTL + Melox group. B, C, and D with degrees on average between 5.4 and 5.9. Green arrow indicates normal cartilage lining (intact surface and cartilage); blue arrow indicates microfractures; red arrow indicates erosion with bone expositon; red circles indicate repair fabric; yellow arrowindicates complete erosion; yellow circles indicate fibrocartilage formation and bone remodeling. (O-safranin stain; Bar = 100 µm; 200×).