Table 5.
Direct and indirect effects of variables (standardisation factor).
| Pathway | Direct Effect | Indirect Effect | Total Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Smartphone dependency → Ego-resilience | −0.23 *** | - | −0.23 *** |
| Ego-resilience → Aggression | −0.17 *** | - | −0.17 *** |
| Smartphone dependency → Aggression | 0.27 *** | 0.04 *** | 0.31 *** |
| Smartphone dependency → Parenting behaviour | −0.25 *** | - | −0.25 *** |
| Parenting behaviour → Aggression | −0.23 *** | - | −0.23 *** |
| Smartphone dependency → Aggression | 0.27 *** | 0.06 *** | −0.33 *** |
| Smartphone dependency → Peer attachment | −0.12 *** | - | −0.12 *** |
| Peer attachment → Aggression | −0.22 *** | - | −0.22 *** |
| Smartphone dependency → Aggression | 0.27 *** | 0.03 *** | 0.30 *** |
*** p < 0.001.