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. 2019 Sep 27;20(19):4815. doi: 10.3390/ijms20194815

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Decorin knockdown in MSCs attenuates macrophage polarization. (a–c) Decorin siRNA-treated MSCs were co-cultured with LPS-induced macrophages and macrophage polarization was assessed. (a’–c’) Immunofluorescent staining with CD11b, CD163, and CD44 were analyzed according to the percentage of positively stained cells. Red (CD11b) and green (CD163 and CD44) staining indicate positive cells. Nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33342. (d) IL-8, (e) IL-6, and (f) IL-10 levels in co-cultures of macrophages and MSCs were analyzed by ELISA. Data are presented as mean ± SD, n = 5 per group. Scale bar = 20 μm. ** p < 0.01. n/s, not significant; MΦ, macrophage; L, LPS.