Table 2.
Leading limiting factors identified for the less frequently used opioid adjuvants, Values are percentages of actual responses
| Agent | Predominant limiting factor |
|---|---|
| Tramadol | Side effects (80%) |
| Clonidine | Side effects (67%) |
| Ketamine | Side effects (61%) |
| Other NSAIDs | Side effects (57%) |
| Gabapentin | Side effects (41%) |
| Pregabalin | Side effects (37%) |
| Dexmedetomidine | Lack of experience (49%) |
| Magnesium | Lack of experience (31%) |
| Esmolol | Lack of evidence (29%) |
| Lidocaine | No specific factors identified (37%) |
NSAIDs Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents