Table 1. Meta-analysis of Accelerometer and Pedometer Interventions for Increased Physical Activity (Primary and Secondary Outcomes).
| Outcome | No. of Trials Contributing | Total No. of Participants | Mean Program Length, wk | Inverse-Variance Random Effects | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MD (95% CI) | I2 (Test-Based 95% CI), % | SMD (95% CI) | I2 (Test-Based 95% CI), % | ||||
| Accelerometer and pedometer combined | 32 | 4856 | 32 | NA | NA | 0.39 (0.28 to 0.51) | 60 (41 to 73) |
| Accelerometer (moderate-to-vigorous and total physical activity) | 20 | 3115 | 39 | NA | NA | 0.30 (0.16 to 0.44) | 52 (20 to 71) |
| Pedometer (No. of steps) | 15 | 1741 | 23 | 1702.85 (1066.67 to 2339.03) | 72 (53 to 83) | 0.52 (0.32 to 0.72) | 66 (41 to 80) |
| Glucose (hemoglobin A1c %) | 13 | 1005 | 24 | −0.25 (−0.45 to −0.06) | 57 (20 to 77) | NA | NA |
| Accelerometer | 3 | 207 | 39 | −0.02 (−0.19 to 0.16) | 0 (0 to 90) | NA | NA |
| Pedometer | 10 | 798 | 20 | −0.40 (−0.55 to −0.25) | 10 (0 to 66) | NA | NA |
| Blood pressure, mm Hg | |||||||
| Systolic | 15 | 1186 | 23 | −0.42 (−2.27 to 1.43) | 0 (0 to 54) | NA | NA |
| Diastolic | 14 | 1093 | 23 | −1.99 (−5.92 to 1.95) | 89 (83 to 93) | NA | NA |
| Cholesterol, mg/dL | |||||||
| Total | 10 | 874 | 26 | NA | NA | −0.03 (−0.25 to 0.20) | 52 (2 to 77) |
| High-density lipoprotein | 7 | 735 | 33 | NA | NA | 0.04 (−0.14 to 0.21) | 16 (0 to 60) |
| Low-density lipoprotein | 6 | 591 | 27 | NA | NA | 0.01 (−0.16 to 0.18) | 4 (0 to 76) |
| BMI | 13 | 1168 | 21 | −0.17 (−1.14 to 0.79) | 65 (37 to 81) | NA | NA |
| Accelerometer | 5 | 429 | 24 | 1.06 (−0.66 to 2.77) | 66 (11 to 87) | NA | NA |
| Pedometer | 8 | 739 | 20 | −0.89 (−1.84 to 0.05) | 45 (0 to 76) | NA | NA |
| Weight, kg | 12 | 1061 | 20 | 0.18 (−2.82 to 3.19) | 57 (18 to 77) | NA | NA |
| Accelerometer | 5 | 367 | 18 | 2.14 (−1.55 to 5.84) | 33 (0 to 75) | NA | NA |
| Pedometer | 7 | 694 | 22 | −1.43 (−5.64 to 2.79) | 60 (8 to 83) | NA | NA |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); MD, mean difference; NA, not applicable; SMD, standardized mean difference.
SI conversion factor: To convert cholesterol to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259.