Table 2.
Modifiable antecedents associated with positive child health index (PCHI) with a significant (p ≤ 0.05, bold text p-value using a binary classification of PCHI. Logistic regression models adjusted for child’s sex, gestational age, and birth weight Z-score, and maternal education, public insurance, and race. Stratification by race was deemed necessary when the p value for the interaction term between race and the modifiable antecedent was less than 0.1; if that p value was ≥ 0.1, then the analysis was not stratified and the interaction term was not included. Odds ratio represents the odds a child would have and disorders over the odds that a child would have no disorders for that demographic.
| Overall | No Disorders (PCHI 100%) | Any Disorders (PCHI ≤ 91%) | OR (95% CI) | p-value | Stratification by Race Necessary (Interaction p- value) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prepregnancy BMI(N=855) | 0.289 | |||||
| Underweight | 68 (8%) | 25 (9%) | 43 (7%) | 0.94 (0.54,1.65) | 0.838 | |
| Normal | 429 (50%) | 163 (59%) | 266 (46%) | 1 (ref) | ||
| Overweight | 165 (19%) | 47 (17%) | 118 (20%) | 1.40 (0.94,2.11) | 0.101 | |
| Obese | 193 (23%) | 42 (15%) | 151 (26%) | 1.97 (1.31,2.97) | 0.001* | |
| During pregnancy secondhand smoke | <0.001 | |||||
| Stratified White (N=552) | 117 (21%) | 23 (11%) | 94 (27%) | 2.25 (1.29,3.91) | 0.004 | |
| Stratified Black/Other (N=312) | 94 (30%) | 25 (35%) | 69 (29%) | 0.56 (0.30,1.04) | 0.068 | |
| Pre-Pregnancy asthma (N=865) | 103 (12%) | 22 (8%) | 81(14%) | 1.68 (1.01,2.82) | 0.047 | 0.741 |
| During pregnancy Asthma (N=864) | 57 (7%) | 9 (3%) | 48 (8%) | 2.35 (1.11,4.98) | 0.026 | 0.613 |
| During pregnancy Urine, bladder or kidney infection (N=864) | 119 (14%) | 43 (15%) | 76 (13%) | 0.65 (0.42,1.00) | 0.049 | 0.458 |
| During pregnancy Protein in your urine | 0.005 | |||||
| Stratified White (N=551) | 64 (12%) | 19 (9%) | 45 (13%) | 1.72 (0.93,3.18) | 0.082 | |
| Stratified Black/Other (N=313) | 40 (13%) | 16 (23%) | 24 (10%) | 0.42 (0.20,0.89) | 0.024 | |
| During pregnancy Antibiotic | 0.013 | |||||
| Stratified White (N=550) | 148 (27%) | 68 (33%) | 80 (23%) | 0.52 (0.35,0.79) | 0.002 | |
| Stratified Black/Other (N=313) | 115 (37%) | 21 (30%) | 94 (39%) | 1.40 (0.78,2.50) | 0.265 | |
| During pregnancy Aspirin or aspirin-containing medicine (N=862) | 48 (6%) | 10 (4%) | 38 (7%) | 2.19 (1.06,4.55) | 0.035 | 0.131 |
| During pregnancy Asthma medicine (N=863) | 48 (6%) | 6 (2%) | 42 (7%) | 3.40 (1.39,8.30) | 0.007 | 0.954 |
| Cerclage (N=867) | 82 (9%) | 37 (13%) | 45 (8%) | 0.54 (0.33,0.87) | 0.011 | 0.415 |
| Plurality (N=834) | 293 (35%) | 118 (44%) | 175 (31%) | 0.72 (0.53,0.99) | 0.040 | 0.454 |
| IVF or ICSI | 0.050 | |||||
| Stratified White (N=562) | 104 (19%) | 46 (22%) | 58 (17%) | 0.89 (0.57,1.39) | 0.595 | |
| Stratified Black/Other (N=325) | 9 (3%) | 6 (8%) | 3 (1%) | 0.15 (0.03,0.67) | 0.013 | |
| Change in Insurance (N=887) | 0.566 | |||||
| No Change | 685 (77%) | 240 (84%) | 445 (74%) | 1 (ref) | ||
| Switch from public (Yes at baseline, No at 10-year follow-up | 54 (6%) | 16 (6%) | 38 (6%) | 1.01 (0.54,1.88) | 0.970 | |
| Switch to public (No at baseline, Yes at 10-year follow-up | 148 (17%) | 30 (10%) | 118 (20%) | 1.95 (1.25,3.02) | 0.003 |
*
Significant after Bonferroni correction