Table 1:
Clinical characteristics
| HCs (N=165) | IBS (N=197) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (SD) | 30.77 (11.057) | 30.284 (9.866) | 0.959 |
| BMI (SD) | 26.482 (5.018) | 24.746 (4.811) | p<0.001 |
| Female: n (%) | 97 (59%) | 141 (72%) | 0.015 |
| Hispanic: n (%) | 37 (23%) | 43 (23%) | 0.999 |
| Race: n (%) | 0.104 | ||
| Asian | 39 (23.64%) | 31 (15.74%) | |
| African American | 21 (12.73%) | 15 (7.61%) | |
| Caucasian | 71 (43.03%) | 103 (52.28%) | |
| Other/Mixed | 23 (13.94%) | 35 (17.77%) | |
| Decline to respond | 11 (6.66%) | 13 (6.60%) | |
| Education: n (%) | 0.547 | ||
| Some high school or less | 1 (0.61%) | 1 (0.51%) | |
| High school graduate | 12 (7.27%) | 9 (4.57%) | |
| Some college | 70 (42.42%) | 75 (38.07%) | |
| College graduate | 40 (24.24%) | 51 (25.89%) | |
| Any post graduate work | 32 (19.39%) | 49 (24.87%) | |
| Decline to respond | 10 (6.06%) | 12 (6.09%) | |
| CTES | |||
| First Age of EAL (years) | 9.377 (4.714) | 8.873 (4.502) | 0.3805 |
| Total Number of EAL (0‒6) | 1.115 (1.118) | 1.614 (1.556) | 0.009 |
| Total Trauma Burden (0‒42) | 6.655 (5.098) | 11.338 (8.34) | p<0.001 |
| Average Trauma Severity (0‒7) | 3.805 (1.695) | 4.509 (1.601) | 0.001 |
| Average Amount of Confiding (0‒7) | 3.170 (2.02) | 2.579 (1.665) | 0.035 |
| HAD Anxiety (0‒21) | 3.835 (3.036) | 7.86 (4.547) | p<0.001 |
| HAD Depression (0‒21) | 1.518 (1.923) | 3.637 (3.271) | p<0.001 |
| PSS Score (0‒40) | 11.723 (6.342) | 17.056 (7.295) | p<0.001 |
| VSI Score (0‒90) | 3.903 (6.274) | 38.353 (17.607) | p<0.001 |
| PHQ-12 Score (0‒24) | 2.248 (2.468) | 11.089 (4.751) | p<0.001 |
| GI Symptoms | |||
| Overall Severity (0‒20) | 9.09 (4.38) | ||
| Abdominal Pain (0‒20) | 8.77 (4.27) | ||
| Usual Severity (1‒5) | 3.28 (0.66) |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation shown for continuous variables; HCs, healthy controls; IBS, irritable bowel syndrome; BMI, body mass index; ACE, Adverse Childhood Experiences; CTES, Childhood Traumatic Events Scale (CTES); EAL, Early adverse life events; GI, Gastrointestinal; HAD, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; PHQ-12, Personal Health Questionnaire-12; PSS, Perceived Stress Scale; VSI, Visceral Sensitivity Index.