Table 7.
Female preponderance of intrinsic atopic dermatitis (AD).
| Intrinsic AD | Child | Adolescent–Adult | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atopic Diathesis | Filaggrin Gene Nutation | Exposure to Ni | Stimulation of Th1 Response to Ni by DHEA | Exposure to Ni | Regulation of Th2 Response to Ni by Sex Hormones | Stimulation of Th1 Response to Ni by DHEA | |
| M | − | − | + | ↑ | + | ↓↓by A | ↑ |
| F | − | − | +~++ | ↑↑ | ++ | ↑↑↑↑by E, P | ↑↑ |
| Prevalence | M < F | M ≪ F | |||||
↑, Stimulation; ↓, Suppression; Th1, T helper 1 cell; DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone; F, female; M, male; A, androgen; E, estrogen; P, progesterone; Ni, nickel.