Table 2.
High frequency drug resistance mutations. Mutations have been ordered by frequency.
| Drug | Gene | Mutation | Resistant* (%) | Global frequency resistant (%)** |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isoniazid | katG | Ser315Thr | 61/68 (89.7) | 4071/5423 (75.1) |
| Rifampicin | rpoB | Ser450Leu | 56/76 (73.7) | 2975/4618 (64.4) |
| Fluoroquinolones | gyrA | Asp94Gly | 26/51 (51.0) | 153/527 (29.0) |
| Ethambutol | embB | Met306Ile | 20/61 (32.8) | 567/2662 (21.3) |
| Ethambutol | embB | Met306Val | 15/61 (24.6) | 840/2662 (31.6) |
| Streptomycin | rpsL | Lys43Arg | 12/42 (28.6) | 649/1408 (46.1) |
| Streptomycin | rrs | r.514a > c | 12/42 (28.6) | 128/1408 (9.1) |
| Ethambutol | embB | Met306Leu | 10/61 (16.4) | 34/2662 (1.3) |
| Fluoroquinolones | gyrA | Asp94Ala | 9/51 (17.7) | 62/527 (11.8) |
| Ethionamide | fabG1 | −15C > T | 7/15 (46.7) | 190/347 (54.8) |
| Isoniazid | fabG1 | −15C > T | 7/68 (10.3) | 877/5423 (16.2) |
| Rifampicin | rpoC | Ile491Thr | 7/76 (9.2) | 91/4618 (2.0) |
| Streptomycin | gid | c.102_102del | 6/42 (14.3) | 12/1408 (0.9) |
| Ethambutol | embB | Gln497Arg | 5/61 (8.2) | 207/2662 (7.8) |
| Fluoroquinolones | gyrA | Ser91Pro | 5/51 (9.8) | 40/527 (7.6) |
| Pyrazinamide | pncA | −11A > G | 4/43 (9.3) | 77/1946 (4.0) |
| Fluoroquinolones | gyrA | Ala90Val | 4/51 (7.8) | 152/527 (28.8) |
| Rifampicin | rpoB | Asp435Val | 4/76 (5.3) | 296/4618 (6.4) |
| Ethambutol | embB | Gly406Ala | 4/61 (6.6) | 318/2662 (12.0) |
| Pyrazinamide | pncA | Val180Phe | 4/43 (9.3) | 4/1946 (0.2) |
| Ethambutol | embA | −12C > T | 3/61 (4.9) | 115/2662 (4.3) |
| Fluoroquinolones | gyrA | Asp94Asn | 3/51 (5.9) | 22/527 (4.2) |
| Ethambutol | embB | Gln497Lys | 3/61 (4.9) | 20/2662 (0.8) |
| Ethambutol | embB | Gly406Asp | 3/61 (4.9) | 75/2662 (2.8) |
| Ethambutol | embB | Gly406Ser | 3/61 (4.9) | 37/2662 (1.4) |
| Rifampicin | rpoB | His445Tyr | 3/76 (4.0) | 230/4618 (5.0) |
| Pyrazinamide | pncA | His71Arg | 3/43 (7.0) | 2/1946 (0.1) |
| Streptomycin | rpsL | Lys88Arg | 3/42 (7.1) | 104/1408 (7.4) |
| Amikacin | rrs | 1401a > g | 3/3 (100) | 291/349 (83.4) |
| Capreomycin | rrs | 1401a > g | 3/3 (100) | 307/404 (76.0) |
| Kanamycin | rrs | 1401a > g | 3/5 (60.0) | 531/669 (79.4) |
| Streptomycin | rrs | 517c > t | 3/42 (7.1) | 57/1408 (4.1) |
*The number of strains in this study predicted to be resistant by TB-Profiler software; **the number of strains in the global dataset (N > 18k)14 predicted to be resistant by TB-Profiler.