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Adjusted mean differences in sleep parameters by smoking status
| Sleep parameter | Adjusted mean difference comparing smokers vs. nonsmokers (%95 CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| Sleep duration (minutes) | 1.51 (−15.88 to 18.89) | 0.865 |
| WASO (minutes) | 8.01 (1.94 to 14.07) | 0.010 |
| Sleep efficiency (%) | −1.74 (−3.00 to −0.48) | 0.007 |
Significant p values are bolded. Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, education, work/school next day, depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress.
