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. 2019 Jul 10;51(7):1–14. doi: 10.1038/s12276-019-0272-9

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© The Author(s) 2019, corrected publication 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Calcium deposition was measured with a QuantiChrom^TM calcium assay kit. b ALP activity was measured to assess the degree of osteoblastic differentiation and calcification. c Calcium deposition was assessed by alizarin red staining. d, e The expression of Runx2 and OPN was assessed by western blotting. The relative protein levels were normalized to GAPDH levels. The data are shown as the means ± standard errors of the means of triplicates and are representative of three independent experiments performed (^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 compared with control; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared with high Ca+P)