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. 2019 Oct 3;51(10):117. doi: 10.1038/s12276-019-0313-4

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Estimated species richness (Chao1 measure) and b alpha diversity defined by Shannon’s index. c Heatmap of the gut microbiota at the phylum level, with columns representing individual control and CRC stool samples and rows corresponding to the identified phyla. Color scale based on relative OTU abundance, and hierarchical clustering based on Euclidean distance. d Average relative abundance of individual phyla, with error bars representing the standard error (SE). Significance between groups assessed by a t test (* = Ad. p < 0.05, ** = Ad. p < 0.01)