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. 2019 Sep 10;11(3):24. doi: 10.1038/s41368-019-0055-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Changes in IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA and protein levels in SGCs after different administrations in vitro (vehicle, SP, SP+L703, 606, SP+U0126, SP+SB203580 and SP+SP600125) for 24 h (a, b) and in TGs after different treatments in vivo (vehicle, CFA, CFA+DMSO, CFA+L703, 606, CFA+U0126, CFA+SB203580 and CFA+SP600125 at 24 h (c, d). Up/downregulation compared with vehicle and SP treatments in vitro and with the vehicle and CFA groups in vivo. According to the RT-qPCR and ELISA results (a), there was a strong and significant upregulation of IL-1β mRNA in SGCs compared to the vehicle treatment. Conversely, suppression of the SP-induced increase in IL-1β by L703.606, U0126, and SB203580 was significant. (n = 6, *P < 0.05 compared with the vehicle group. ^#P < 0.05 compared with SP group). (b) In addition, there was a strong and significant upregulation of TNF-α mRNA in SGCs compared to the vehicle. Suppression of the SP-induced increase in TNF-α by L703.606, U0126 and SB203580 was significant. The ELISA results showed that the inhibitory effect of SB203580 was not significant. (n = 6, *P < 0.05 compared with the vehicle group, ^#P < 0.05 compared with SP group). c Representative WB images and graphs illustrate that the production of IL-1β and TNF-α in rat TGs was significantly increased under CFA injection compared to the vehicle. Pre-injection of L703, 606 into TGs significantly reduced the upregulation of IL-1β and TNF-α induced by CFA. (n = 6, *P < 0.05 compared with the vehicle group, ^#P < 0.05 compared with CFA group). Pre-injection of U0126 and SB203580 into TGs also significantly reduced the upregulation of IL-1β and TNF-α induced by CFA. (n = 6, *P < 0.05 compared with the CFA group)