Juma 2017.

Study characteristics
Patient sampling	Cross‐sectional, prospective and consecutive enrolment
Patient characteristics and setting	Presenting signs and symptoms: HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected adults (aged above 14 years) suspected of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Age: 43 (SD: 14.8) Sex, female: 46% HIV infection: 68% Median CD4 cell count per µL: not stated History of tuberculosis: 6% Sample size: 99 (67 with HIV included) Clinical setting: inpatients Country: Kenya Tuberculosis incidence rate: 319 per 100,000 Number (proportion) of tuberculosis cases in the study: 29 (33%)
Index tests	LF‐LAM
Target condition and reference standard(s)	Target: extrapulmonary tuberculosis, any site Reference standard: any of mycobacterial culture (solid and liquid) or nucleic acid amplification test. No sputum specimens tested
Flow and timing	All patients were included in the analysis
Comparative
Notes	The study excluded participants with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis and the reference standard was restricted to extrapulmonary specimens
Methodological quality
Item	Authors' judgement	Risk of bias	Applicability concerns
DOMAIN 1: Patient Selection
Was a consecutive or random sample of patients enrolled?	Yes
Was a case‐control design avoided?	Yes
Did the study avoid inappropriate exclusions?	No
		High	Low
DOMAIN 2: Index Test All tests
Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard?	Yes
If a threshold was used, was it pre‐specified?	Yes
		High	High
DOMAIN 3: Reference Standard
Is the reference standards likely to correctly classify the target condition?	No
Were the reference standard results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index tests?	Yes
		High	Low
DOMAIN 4: Flow and Timing
Was there an appropriate interval between index test and reference standard?	Yes
Did all patients receive the same reference standard?	No
Were all patients included in the analysis?	Yes
		Low